Gestación adolescente y su repercusión en el recién nacido. Estudio de casos y controles

Abstract

Objective: To know the principal characteristics associated to adolescent pregnancy and value it as a possible risk factor for low birthweight. Materials and methods: To study cases and controls for six months. The cases were selected from nuliparous women aged from 14 years to 19 years admitted to obstetrics during labour. The controls, nuliparous women aged 20 years or more, were admitted to the same center during the same period of time and were chosen randomly from the admissions book. These were coded and later processed using the data of the SPSS V 11.0 programme; descriptive analysis of the data was made, OR was calculated as the measurement of association, with an CI of 95% and the Chi squared test as a contrast of the hypothesis, and assuming the value p < 0.05 to be the statistically significant difference between them. A multivariant analysis was also carried out using a multiple logistic regression model. Results: 242 cases and 484 controls. The risk factors associated with low birth weight identified in the analysis were: the age of the mother < 19 years OR 2.12; CI (1.30-3.44) and antenatal control < 5 visits, OR 5.15 (2.81-9.41). Generally speaking the adolescent mothers were out of the education system and mostly worked as domestic assistants, they also had a higher incidence of low birth weight and prematurity. Conclusions: There is an association between the age of the mother and low weight neonates, which increases amongst those who do not attend the antenatal clinics regularly.

Impacto materno y neonatal del embarazo en la adolescencia

“…, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, prematuridad, malformaciones congénitas (9) ; y, visto desde una plano social, se acompaña a una mayor exposición de los hijos al maltrato físico, por la inmadurez de los padres (8,10) , así como de estados de depresión (11,12) y problemas mentales (13) .…”

Caracterización biopsicosocial de una población de adolescentes embarazadas. Experiencia en una empresa promotora de salud, Bogota DC, Colombia

“…Sin embargo, llama la atención que en nuestro estudio a pesar de su bajo deseo del embarazo, no planificaban ni asistían a un programa sobre el tema, asumiendo conductas de riesgo que las llevaron a esa situación. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Los resultados de los estudios de tamizaje y seguimiento del embarazo no muestran ninguna alteración predominante dentro de la caracterización realizada, con frecuencias de alteraciones esperadas y de igual comportamiento para las series descritas en otros estudios, con predominio de infección de vías urinarias y vaginosis, lo que aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones durante la gestación independiente de la edad de la embarazada.…”