Gestational age and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort followed to mid-life

Cooper, Rachel; Atherton, Kate; Power, Chris

doi:10.1093/ije/dyn154

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Similar findings were reported in a study of young adults; a lower GFR, higher serum creatinine and microalbuminaria was reported at 19 years of age in subjects born at <32 weeks gestation (and also small for gestational age) [54]. Furthermore, there is strong epidemiological evidence to link premature birth with the development of hypertension [58][59][60][61][62][63] and increased cardiovascular risk during adulthood [64,65]. This 'risk' may be further exacerbated in the presence of impaired renal function, possibly leading to hypertension, and the possible development of cardiovascular disease in later life [66].…”

Section: Renal Functionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Preterm Birth and/or Factors that Lead to Preterm Delivery: Effects on the Neonatal Kidney

Ryan¹,

Black²

2015

J Neonatal Biol

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Preterm birth (defined as birth prior to 37 completed weeks of gestation), occurs in approximately 10% of all births and is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preterm infants are born at a time when kidney development is still ongoing, and consequently can lead to renal impairment (in both the short-term and long-term), as well as severe glomerular abnormalities in some preterm infants. Since the glomerular abnormalities are not present in all preterm kidneys, this suggests that it is not preterm birth per se that leads to the glomerular abnormalities but may relate to factors associated with the etiology of the premature delivery, or factors in neonatal care. In this review, we provide an overview of what is currently known of how prenatal and postnatal factors can potentially impact on the immature kidneys of infants born preterm.

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Section: Renal Functionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Preterm Birth and/or Factors that Lead to Preterm Delivery: Effects on the Neonatal Kidney

Ryan¹,

Black²

2015

J Neonatal Biol

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“…Gestational age, included because recent evidence suggests that this may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, [18][19][20] was recorded as days since the start of last menstrual period at birth and converted into weeks. Height at age 7y was measured during medical examinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the associations between birthweight and lipid levels in middle-age: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort

Cooper¹,

Power²

2008

Atherosclerosis

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ObjectiveTo examine sex differences in birthweight-lipid associations. Methods and ResultsUsing prospectively collected data on birthweight and non-fasting lipid levels at age 44-45y from the 1958 British birth cohort (3603 men and 3583 women), sex differences in birthweight-lipid associations were examined.There were inverse associations between birthweight and total and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol among women (a 1kg increase in birthweight was associated with a 0.13mmol/L reduction in total cholesterol (p<0.001) and a 0.07mmol/L reduction in LDLcholesterol (p=0.02)) but no associations among men (p=0.005 and p=0.01, respectively, for birthweight x sex interactions). There was an inverse association between birthweight and triglycerides of a similar magnitude in both sexes (a 1kg increase in birthweight was associated with a 7% reduction in triglyceride levels in sex-adjusted models (p<0.001)).There was no association between birthweight and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol.Associations were largely unaltered after adjustment for covariates. Of birthweight, current height and BMI, the latter was the strongest predictor of lipid levels. ConclusionsThe finding of an inverse association between birthweight and triglycerides in both sexes and of inverse associations between birthweight and total and LDL-cholesterol only in women suggests that the mechanisms underlying the associations with birthweight may vary for different lipids.2

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“…In another study, aortic narrowing was reported in adolescents who were born preterm (7). Arterial narrowing is likely to be detrimental in the long term and may contribute to the now well-described elevation in arterial pressure in subjects born preterm (2)(3)(4)(5)8,9,31).…”

Section: Aortic Structure and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of advances in neonatal care, most preterm infants survive infancy, even those born as early as 23 wk (1). Epidemiological studies have linked preterm birth to hypertension and vascular abnormalities in children and young adults (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9); the risk is increased with decreasing gestational age at birth, suggestive of causality (2,3,6). For example, one study found a 0.31 mm Hg increase in adult blood pressure for every week of prematurity (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm birth with antenatal corticosteroid administration has injurious and persistent effects on the structure and composition of the aorta and pulmonary artery

et al. 2011

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INTRODUCTION:Preterm birth affects 8-12% of live births and is associated with the development of elevated arterial blood pressure and aortic narrowing in later life; this suggests that preterm birth may alter the development of arteries. Our objective was to determine the effects of preterm birth, accompanied by antenatal corticosteroid administration, on the structure of the aorta and pulmonary artery, which experience different alterations in pressure flow at birth. RESULTS: at 11 wk, preterm lambs had significantly thicker aortic walls and a smaller lumen, whereas the morphometry of the pulmonary artery was unaffected. elastin deposition was markedly increased in the aorta and pulmonary artery and smooth muscle content was reduced in the aorta only. In preterm lambs we found injury in the aorta only; controls were unaffected. DISCUSSION: We conclude that moderate preterm birth after antenatal betamethasone can cause injury and persistent alterations in the structure and composition of the aorta, with lesser effects in the pulmonary artery. Our findings suggest that preterm birth may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms in later life. METHODS:Using an established ovine model of preterm birth, lambs were born at 0.9 of gestation and underwent necropsy at 11 wk after birth; controls were born at term.

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Gestational age and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort followed to mid-life

Abstract: In the 1958 British birth cohort duration of gestation was associated with blood pressure in mid-life. Understanding this association is necessary to inform policy and preventative interventions.

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Preterm Birth and/or Factors that Lead to Preterm Delivery: Effects on the Neonatal Kidney

Preterm Birth and/or Factors that Lead to Preterm Delivery: Effects on the Neonatal Kidney

Sex differences in the associations between birthweight and lipid levels in middle-age: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort

Preterm birth with antenatal corticosteroid administration has injurious and persistent effects on the structure and composition of the aorta and pulmonary artery

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