Gestational Age, Small for Gestational Age, and Infantile Colic

Milidou, Ioanna; Søndergaard, Charlotte; Jensen, Mads Christian; Olsen, Jørn; Henriksen, Tine Brink

doi:10.1111/ppe.12095

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…15 The fact that neurologically impaired children can have abnormal cry characteristics, (eg, the flat, high-pitched cry typical in Cri du Chat syndrome) offers some support for this theory, as does the fact that preterm infants and small-for-date infants are at increased risk for excessive crying. 16 Others have proposed a major role for environmental factors, such as psychosocial issues, domestic violence, inadequate parent-infant interaction, or parental anxiety. 17,18 A major consideration is, of course, whether the parental anxiety and even depression is caused by the excessive crying or vice versa.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small for gestational age children also have increased risk of excessive crying in all gestational age groups. 16 Identifying the groups of parents and infants at increased risk is important because information on crying can be given before it becomes excessive. Furthermore, early support and, if necessary, referral to more specialized care may prevent more serious problems including child abuse, although no studies are available to confirm this.…”

Section: Prevention For High-risk Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Excessively Crying Infant: Etiology and Treatment

Akhnikh¹,

Engelberts²,

Sleuwen³

et al. 2014

Pediatr Ann

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Excessive crying, often described as infantile colic, is the cause of 10% to 20% of all early pediatrician visits of infants aged 2 weeks to 3 months. Although usually benign and self-limiting, excessive crying is associated with parental exhaustion and stress. However, an underlying organic cause is found in less than 5% of these infants. In the majority of cases, treatment consists not of "curing the colic," although usually it is possible to reduce crying, but of helping the parents to get through this challenging period in their baby's development. The aims of this review are to discuss definition, etiology, and evaluate different treatment regimes in infants who cry excessively.

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Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention For High-risk Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Excessively Crying Infant: Etiology and Treatment

Akhnikh¹,

Engelberts²,

Sleuwen³

et al. 2014

Pediatr Ann

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, whether infant colic truly has a gastrointestinal origin is debatable [35]. The pathophysiology of infant colic is incompletely understood, but it has been postulated that it is caused by various factors such as a disturbance of pathways in the central nervous system [36373839], psychosocial causes (e.g., inadequate infant-family relationship or parental anxiety) [404142], or gastrointestinal-related causes as cow's milk allergy, GER or motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract [43]. Over the past decades, interest in the role of the microbiome in the pathophysiology of infant colic has rapidly increased.…”

Section: Infant Colicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Rome IV Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants and Toddlers

Zeevenhooven

Koppen

Benninga

2017

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

220

189

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common worldwide and cover a wide range of disorders attributable to the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. The diagnosis of these disorders relies on the symptom-based Rome criteria. In 2016 the Rome criteria were revised for infants/toddlers and for children and adolescents. In this review, we discuss the novel Rome IV criteria for infants and toddlers. The criteria for infant colic were drastically changed, whereas only minor changes were made for regurgitation, cyclic vomiting syndrome, functional diarrhea, infant dyschezia and functional constipation. In addition to this, the new Rome IV discusses underlying mechanisms of pain in infants and toddlers, including the neuro-development of nociceptive and pain pathways, the various factors that are involved in pain experience, and methods of pain assessment in infants and toddlers is essential for the clinician who encounters functional pain in this age group. Overall, the Rome IV criteria have become more distinctive for all disorders in order to improve the process of diagnosing pediatric FGIDs.

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“…In line with Grey et al (2013), Glynn et al (2007), and Hinde et al (2014), we controlled for maternal educational level and parity. Though infants with a birth weight lower than 2,500 g were excluded, birth weight was also included as a control variable because it can reflect infant vulnerability and predict both infant crying behavior (Milidou, Søndergaard, Jensen, Olsen, & Henriksen, 2014) and maternal stress (Halpern, Brand, & Malone, 2001). Furthermore, taking cortisol circadian variations into account and in line with previous research (Glynn et al, 2007;Grey et al, 2013;Nolvi et al, 2017), we controlled for collection time of breast milk sampling.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are cortisol concentrations in human breast milk associated with infant crying?

Hechler

Beijers

Riksen‐Walraven

et al. 2018

Developmental Psychobiology

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The present longitudinal study is the first to investigate the association between human breast milk cortisol and infant crying over the first three months of life. Higher concentrations of breast milk cortisol were expected to be differentially associated with fussing and crying in boys and girls. At 2, 6, and 12 weeks of infant age, mothers (N = 70) collected a morning sample of their milk and kept a 3‐day diary to measure infant fussing and crying. Cortisol was extracted and quantified from milk samples. Results showed that breast milk cortisol concentrations increased from 2 weeks through 12 weeks of infant age. Milk cortisol was unrelated to the total duration, frequency, and bout length of infant fussing and crying for both boys and girls. Directions for future research aiming to extend our knowledge on the biology of milk cortisol in relation to infant behavior and development are discussed.

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Gestational Age, Small for Gestational Age, and Infantile Colic

Abstract: We observed an increased risk of infantile colic in preterm and small for gestational age infants in a large cohort. Our results suggest that the aetiology of infantile colic may be found in the prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal period.

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

The Excessively Crying Infant: Etiology and Treatment

The Excessively Crying Infant: Etiology and Treatment

The New Rome IV Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants and Toddlers

Are cortisol concentrations in human breast milk associated with infant crying?

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