Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

Objectives: To find the frequency of gestational diabetes in pregnant womenusing 50 grams glucose challenge test. Study design: a descriptive study. Place and duration:Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Atchison Hospital, Lahore from August 2012to August 2013. Methodology: Through non-probability convenient sampling, 200 pregnantwomen between 24-28 weeks of gestation were studied. All known diabetic patients wereexcluded from the study. Pulse, BP, weight and height were recorded and Body Mass Index wascalculated. Physical and antenatal examination were done. Patients were given 50 gm glucosedissolved in 200 ml of water without any dietary preparation. Glucose levels were measuredin venous plasma after one hour according to American Diabetic Association protocol. Bloodglucose level more than 140mg/dl was diagnosed as screened positive and less than 140mg/dl screened negative. The data analysis was analysed by SPSS 20. Results: Out of total 200women studied, 28 (14%) had abnormal screening test while 172 (86%) had normal test. Historyof obstetric complications was noted in 10 (5%) women. PIH was noted in 19 (19.5%) andpast history of GDM was present in 14 (8.13%). Mean age of patients screened positive was25.03 ± 2.9 years. Gestational age of positive group ranged between 19 to 32 weeks. Meangestational age was 26.17+3.37 weeks. Among screened positive women, 7 (25%) womenwere primigravida while 21 (75%) women were multigravida. Conclusion: Significant riskfactor associated with GDM include family history of DM, maternal obesity, previous history ofobstetric complications. Failure to recognize and treat the GDM results in maternal and fetalmorbidity and mortality.