Gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension on the risk of diabetes among gestational diabetes women

Abstract

Aims We aimed to examine the association of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with Type 2 diabetes risk among women with a history of gestational diabetes. Methods We conducted a population-based study among 1261 women who had a history of gestational diabetes at 1–5 years after delivery in Tianjin, China. Logistic regression or Cox regression was used to assess the associations of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with pre-diabetes and Type 2 diabetes risks. Results Gestational diabetic women who had a history of gestational hypertension but did not use antihypertensive drugs during pregnancy had a 3.94-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.94–8.02) of developing type 2 diabetes compared with those who were normotensive in index pregnancy. Compared with gestational diabetic women who had normal blood pressure at the inter-conception examination, hypertensive women at the inter-conception examination were 3.38 times (95% CI: 1.66–6.87) and 2.97 times (95% CI: 1.75–5.05) more likely to develop diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. The odds ratios of Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes associated with each 5 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03–1.51) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06–1.35). Each 5 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure contributed to a 1.49-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.18–1.88) for Type 2 diabetes and a 1.42-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.22–1.65) for prediabetes. Conclusions For women with prior gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination were risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.

A community based screening of gestational diabetes mellitus within 16 weeks of pregnancy: a study from Mysuru district, Karnataka

“…Finding similar to above study was also found in present study where GDM was statistically associated with weight and BMI during gestation, but no significance was found between family history as in rural areas, most of diabetic cases are under diagnosed. Gestational diabetes is associated with pregnancy induced hypertension in studies conducted by Bryson et al, Yaun et al and Parveen et al [11][12][13] In present study it was seen that mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure was more in mothers with gestational diabetes than those without GDM.…”

Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes during pregnancy is associated with increased perinatal mortality: a large population‐based cohort study in Ontario, Canada

“…The women in our study with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes were just as likely to have a primary care physician and also had more visits to their primary care physician prior to pregnancy then those with GDM alone, and therefore this represents missed opportunities for a diabetes diagnosis pre-pregnancy. Also, many of them had chronic hypertension, which should alert caregivers to the increased risk of diabetes [22]. People of a lower socioeconomic status frequently experience a delay in their diabetes diagnosis and receive a lower level of care [21].…”

Association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the risk of postpartum hypertension: a cohort study in women with gestational diabetes

“…In the self-administered questionnaire, women who reported doctors-diagnosed hypertension after 20 gestational weeks, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia or eclampsia, were classified as having a history of HDP (ref. 21 ).…”