Gestational Weight Gain and Adverse Neonatal Outcome Among Term Infants

Stotland, Nada L.; Cheng, Yvonne W.; Hopkins, Linda; Caughey, Aaron B.

doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000228960.16678.bd

Cited by 283 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…38 Gestational weight gain above recommendations is associated with multiple adverse newborn outcomes, that is low 5-min Apgar score, seizure hypoglycaemia, polycythemia, and meconium aspiration syndrome. 39 The American Dietetic Association states that weight gain during pregnancy should be carefully controlled to improve pregnancy outcome, avoiding excessive maternal postpartum weight retention, and reducing the risk of later chronic disease for the child. 14 These observations might be in close connection to the fact that maternal body weight prior parity in our Exercise, pregnancy, and newborn's birth size R Barakat et al control group was positively associated with the body size of the newborn, whereas this was not the case in the training group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

2009

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Objective: We examined the effect of light intensity resistance exercise training performed during the second and third trimester of pregnancy on the newborn's birth size. We also studied the association between maternal body weight prior to pregnancy and newborn's birth size. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Subjects: We randomly assigned 160 sedentary gravidae to either a training (n ¼ 80) or a control (n ¼ 80) group. The training programme focused on light resistance and toning exercises (three times per week, 35-40 min per session). We recorded the Apgar score, birth weight, birth length, and head circumference of the newborn, as well as gestational age at time of delivery from hospital perinatal records. We also measured maternal weight and height before parity and gestational weight gain. Results: Maternal characteristics neither differed between groups (all P40.1) nor newborn characteristics (all P40.1). Maternal body weight was positively and significantly associated with newborn's birth weight and length only in the control group (b ¼ 19.20 and 0.065, respectively, Po0.01). Conclusion: Light intensity resistance training performed over the second and third trimester of pregnancy does not have a negative impact on the newborn's body size or overall health. Exercise interventions might attenuate the adverse consequences of maternal body weight before pregnancy on the newborn's birth size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

2009

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“…16,30 Maternal overnutrition has been shown to retard placental and fetal growth and increase fetal and neonatal mortality in rats, pigs and sheep. 31 Human studies examining obesity as a risk for PTD are conflicting 12,32,33 however, there is no question that the rates of obesity in the United States and other countries are rapidly increasing. If such an association exists, it will be important to determine the genetic and physiologic factors that contribute to PTD.…”

Section: Maternal Nutrition Fetal Growth and Ptdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and fetal variation in genes of cholesterol metabolism is associated with preterm delivery

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine the contribution of variants in fetal and maternal cholesterol metabolism genes in preterm delivery (PTD).Study Design: A total of 40 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16 genes related to cholesterol metabolism were examined for 414 preterm infants (gestational ages 22 to 36 weeks; comprising 305 singletons and 109 twins) and at least 1 parent. Fetal effects were assessed using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) for each SNP, followed by a log linear model-based approach to utilize families with missing parental genotypes for those SNPs showing significance under TDT. Genetic variant effects were examined for a role in PTD, gestational age and birth weight. Maternal effects were estimated using a log linear model-based approach.Result: Among singleton gestations, suggestive association (P<0.01 without adjusting for multiple comparisons) was found between birth weight and fetal DHCR7 gene/SNP combinations (rs1630498, P ¼ 0.002 and rs2002064, P ¼ 0.003). Among all gestations, suggestive associations were found between PTD and fetal HMGCR (rs2303152, P ¼ 0.002) and APOA1 (rs 5070, P ¼ 0.004). The result for HMGCR was further supported by the log linear model-based test in the single births (P ¼ 0.007) and in all births (P ¼ 0.006). New associations (APOE and ABCA1) were observed when birth weight was normalized for gestational age suggesting independent effects of variants on birth weight separate from effects on PTD. Testing for maternally mediated genetic effects has identified suggestive association between ABCA1 (rs4149313, P ¼ 0.004) and decreased gestational age.Conclusion: Variants in maternal and fetal genes for cholesterol metabolism were associated with PTD and decreased birth weight or gestational age in this study. Genetic markers may serve as one mechanism to identify high-risk mothers and fetuses for targeted nutritional treatment and/or prevention of low birth weight or PTD.

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“…5 It has been hypothesized that the pregnancy state may trigger the development of obesity through the retention of gestational weight gain, 6, 7 since the majority of pregnant women gain more weight than what is recommended. [8][9][10] The 2002 American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) guidelines for exercise during pregnancy 11 indicate that 30 minutes or more of moderate activity on most, if not all, days of the week is recommended as long as the pregnant woman does not have any medical or obstetric complications. A 1999 consensus panel on physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity concluded that in pregnant women the development of physical activity interventions represented a viable avenue for the prevention of overweight and obesity in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Among Pregnant Women

Evenson

Moos

Carrier

et al. 2008

Matern Child Health J

253

261

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Objective-Physical activity generally declines during pregnancy, but barriers to activity during this time period are not well understood. The objective was to examine barriers to physical activity in a large cohort of pregnant women and to explore these barriers in more depth with qualitative data derived from a separate focus group study using a socioecologic framework.Method-A total of 1535 pregnant women (27-30 weeks' gestation) enrolled in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study were asked an open-ended question about their primary barrier to physical activity; responses were coded into categories according to the socioecologic framework. To further elucidate, 13 focus groups of a total of 58 pregnant women (20-37 weeks' gestation) were conducted among Hispanic, African American, and White participants.Results-Among the 1535 pregnant women participating in the survey, 85% reported an intrapersonal barrier to physical activity, of which almost two-thirds were health related. Only 2% of the women reported their main barrier to physical activity as interpersonal and 3% reported a neighborhood or environmental barrier. These results were supported by the focus group data, overall and by race/ethnicity and body mass index. Although women discussed barriers to physical activity at a variety of levels, the intrapersonal level was the most frequently cited and discussed factor in both studies.Conclusions-Since pregnancy may trigger the development of obesity and since physical activity is recommended for healthy pregnant women, it is imperative to promote physical activity in a more relevant way. These quantitative and qualitative studies revealed many barriers to physical activity among pregnant women and some suggestions for interventions.

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Gestational Weight Gain and Adverse Neonatal Outcome Among Term Infants

Cited by 283 publications

References 24 publications

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

Maternal and fetal variation in genes of cholesterol metabolism is associated with preterm delivery

Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Among Pregnant Women

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