Gestational Weight Gain Standards Based on Women Enrolled in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

Gestational Weight Gain‐for‐Gestational Age Z‐Score Charts Applied across U.S. Populations

“…There were considerable differences in weight gain amounts and the prevalence of preterm birth among racial/ethnic groups; however, differences in the optimal ranges of gestational weight gain for minimal risk of preterm birth were small and do not substantiate tailoring weight gain recommendations to race/ethnicity. Our findings corroborate those of Cheikh Ismail et al, 13 who recently developed international z-score charts for gestational weight gain in normalweight women and concluded that racial/ethnic differences observed in prior studies were likely caused by sociocultural and medical factors.…”

“…11 The updated 2009 IOM report, however, cited a lack of evidence to support this recommendation and a recent multinational study limited to women who were normal weight before pregnancy concluded that separate gestational weight gain recommendations for different racial/ethnic groups are not needed. 12,13 Understanding racial/ ethnic differences across prepregnancy BMI groups in the United States would inform both the application of the z-scores in diverse populations and future national recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy.…”

The association between weight gain during pregnancy and intertwin delivery weight discordance using 2011–2015 birth registration data from the USA

“…1 Insufficient gestational weight gain has been associated with low delivery weight, whereas excessive weight gain has been linked to macrosomia and maternal postpartum weight retention. [1][2][3][4][5] Weight gain in pregnancy could serve as a good approximation of maternal nutrition, and this measure seems stable across different populations. 1 An international study found that the pattern of weight gain during pregnancy was similar across various populations globally, despite differences in ethnicity, culture, behavior, and healthcare systems.…”

“…1 An international study found that the pattern of weight gain during pregnancy was similar across various populations globally, despite differences in ethnicity, culture, behavior, and healthcare systems. 3 Gestational weight gain, at least in part, reflects maternal nutritional status, which is the most important determinant of fetal growth.…”

Nutritional status of pregnant women reporting at Rural Health Training Centre

“…Total mean weight gain at 40 weeks' gestation was 13.7 (SD 4.5) kg for 3097 eligible women with a normal BMI in the first trimester 3 . Participants in our study did not report regularly for minimum 3-5 visits during the prenatal period.…”