New concepts in pediatric surgery have been developed concerning inter-disciplinary problems such as ureter implantation or urinary undiversion as well as deformities of abdominal organs such as biliary atresia, anorectal malformations, adrenogenital syndrome and sinus urogenitalis. Considerable improvements in fetal surgery as a part of pediatric surgery were achieved. For diagnostic, surgical and ethical reasons, however, these efforts are, for the time being, only of theoretical interest.