This chapter proposes to analyze green and inclusive taxation as a tool for the construction of a sustainable economic model in Colombia. The need for a change in the Colombian tax system is addressed, incorporating practical environmental and social criteria that are adjusted to MSMEs and SMEs, which allow promoting a fairer and more equitable economic development, in harmony with the environment. The Chapter analyzes the need for a green and inclusive tax reform, in which the economic and social impact is evaluated; issues related to the challenges for the implementation of green and inclusive taxation in Colombia are addressed, including the strategies that should be implemented and how these progressive taxes can benefit vulnerable populations and the targeting of public spending, which is key to reducing inequalities. “An equitable tax system strengthens social cohesion”.