Getting off the Escalator? A Study of Scots Out-Migration from a Global City Region

Findlay, Allan; Mason, Colin; Harrison, Richard; Houston, Donald; McCollum, David

doi:10.1068/a39256

Cited by 29 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Up to the 2007 financial crisis, some traditional labour exporting regions in older industrial economies had experienced a decade or more of repopulation by skilled workers. This is seen, for example, in a flow of Scottish-born residents returning to Scotland from London and the surrounding South East region of the UK (Findlay et al, 2008). This movement goes against the traditional pattern of skilled workers moving to the UK's core economy and appears to be more than a simple case of employment-induced migration.…”

Section: Finding Space For the Creative Classmentioning

confidence: 94%

Finding Space for the Creative Class: A Review of the Issues

Perry

2011

Urban Policy and Research

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Emphasis on the creative class as promoters of economic prosperity is based on two main claims: first, people working in occupations dependent on the exercise of creativity (the 'creative class') make a disproportionate contribution to wealth generation; second, creative class professionals are highly mobile and have a preference for localities that are tolerant of social diversity and rich in creative resources. In essence, bohemia is good for business as creative class professionals are stimulated by and supporters of the creative arts. These propositions have encouraged cities and regions around the industrial world to assess their attractiveness to the creative class and to invest in amenities appealing to creative workers. A core challenge for the creative class thesis is to demonstrate that the openness and tolerance of communities is the causal agent of enhanced business performance. Pending confirmation of actual interaction between, on the one hand, creative people and activities, and on the other hand with entrepreneurship and business growth, this review identifies three areas where the creative class thesis has application to urban policy: art sector support based on industry-specific policies; the attraction of migrant professionals, including return migrants; application of the interest in diversity and tolerance to reduce racial segregation.

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Section: Finding Space For the Creative Classmentioning

confidence: 94%

Finding Space for the Creative Class: A Review of the Issues

Perry

2011

Urban Policy and Research

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“…Yet, even in Fielding's original (1992) work, it was clear that these things were relative, not absolute: people living in other regions besides the South East did experience upward social mobility over time, but just not as quickly and/or surely as in the escalator region. At the urban rather than regional scale, Devine et al (2003) found evidence in Manchester that it is possible to forge a successful professional career without moving to London, while Findlay et al (2003Findlay et al ( , 2008 identified considerable upward social mobility amongst migrants to Edinburgh.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Far Do England's Second-Order Cities Emulate London as Human-Capital 'Escalators’?

Champion¹,

Coombes²,

Gordon

2013

SSRN Journal

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AcknowledgementsData analyses in this paper are based on micro-data from the Office of National Statistics' (ONS) Longitudinal Study (LS), linking England and Wales Census data for a (roughly) 1% sample of the population, accessed securely via the Virtual Microdata Laboratory in ONS. Census output is Crown copyright and is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. The permission of the ONS to use the LS for this study is gratefully acknowledged, as is the substantial help provided by staff of the Centre for Longitudinal Study Information & User Support (CeLSIUS). CeLSIUS is supported by the ESRC Census of Population Programme . This presentation has been cleared by ONS (Clearance Number 30112) but the authors alone are responsible for the interpretation of the data. Analysis has been supported by ESRC/BIS/WAG grants to the Spatial Economic Research Centre, but these sponsors also bear no responsibility for findings reported here. AbstractIn the urban resurgence accompanying the growth of the knowledge economy, second-order cities appear to be losing out to the principal city, especially where the latter is much larger and benefits from substantially greater agglomeration economies. The view that any city can make itself attractive to creative talent seems at odds with the idea of a country having just one 'escalator region' where the rate of career progression is much faster, especially for inmigrants. This paper takes the case of England, with its highly primate city-size distribution, and tests how its second-order cities (in size order, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle, Bristol, Sheffield, Liverpool, Nottingham and Leicester) compare with London as human-capital escalators. The analysis is based on the ONS Longitudinal Study of linked census records, primarily for 1991-2001, and uses one key indicator of upward social mobility, the transition from White Collar Non-core to White Collar Core. For non-migrants, the transition rates for all the second-order cities are found to fall well short of London's. In only one case -Manchester -is the rate significantly higher than the average for other areas outside the Greater South East (GSE) and its performance is matched by the non-London part of the GSE. Those moving to the second-order cities during the decade experienced much stronger upward social mobility than their non-migrants. This 'migrant premium' was generally similar to that for London, suggesting that it results from people moving only after they have secured a better job. If so, second-order cities cannot rely on the speculative migration of talented people but need suitable jobs ready for them to access.

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“…In this regard, high-order cities -specially global cities -may offer the right job opportunities thanks to their position within global knowledge networks and the concentration of most dynamic activities and non-routine and highly skilled labour-intensive tasks in the context of the new spatial division of labour (Levy and Murnane, 2004;Findlay et al, 2008;Storper and Scott, 2009). …”

Section: Interregional Migration Determinants Of Creative Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interregional mobility of talent in Spain: The role of job opportunities and qualities of places during the recent economic crisis

2018

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This paper seeks to extend our knowledge of the drivers behind talented workers' mobility within the Spanish urban system and the patterns they may follow. For this purpose, the stock and flows of creative workers (selected on the basis of either the industry-based or occupational approaches) are studied at different spatial scales while also considering the influence of local characteristics as a source of attracting and retaining forces. The study is based on the analysis of a quite novel longitudinal micro-database from the Spanish Social Security office. Under the conditions of lower mobility of creative workers compared with other geographical contexts -a trend worsened by the economic crisis-we show that job opportunities, especially in connection with workers' social networks, emerge as the most influential attracting factor. Thus, beyond the classic idea that agglomeration economies benefit all residents, we found evidence that the biggest cities, and Madrid in particular, had become "escalator regions", propelling the careers of young creative workers that had been attracted to them. On the contrary, the influence of urban amenities seems limited to the retention of talent. This research aims to contribute to dealing with the challenge of upgrading local productive forces after the economic crisis and to develop tailor-made talent attraction and retention strategies.

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Getting off the Escalator? A Study of Scots Out-Migration from a Global City Region

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Finding Space for the Creative Class: A Review of the Issues

Finding Space for the Creative Class: A Review of the Issues

How Far Do England's Second-Order Cities Emulate London as Human-Capital 'Escalators’?

Interregional mobility of talent in Spain: The role of job opportunities and qualities of places during the recent economic crisis

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