Geyser preplay and eruption in a laboratory model with a bubble trap

Adelstein, Esther; Tran, Aaron; Saez, C. Munoz; Shteĭnberg, A. S.; Manga, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.08.005

Cited by 36 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Do eruptions begin in a conduit as observed in some laboratory experiments (Adelstein et al, 2014)?, or in a deeper reservoir as proposed from limited observations in natural systems (Belousov et al, 2013;Vandemeulebrouck et al, 2013) and experiments (Steinberg et al, 1982)? What is the geometry of subsurface fractures and how do they affect the eruption process?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Previous authors (e.g., Kieffer, 1984;Karlstrom et al, 2013, Namiki et al, 2014Adelstein et al, 2014) described a preparation stage preceding major eruptions called "pre-play", which is characterized by pulses of liquid and/or steam discharge. At El Jefe we also document a preparatory phase in the form of the oscillations preceding every eruption, but without surface discharge.…”

Section: Eruption Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13) shows no time lag suggesting that all sensors are recording oscillations in the height of the water column. Several models of geysers describe "bubble traps" or cavities at depth, which are connected to the conduit and allow steam to accumulate and then be released into the geyser conduit (Mackenzie, 1811;Hutchinson et al, 1997;Belousov et al, 2013;Vandemeulebrouck et al, 2013;Adelstein et al, 2014). El Jefe's upper conduit ends at depth in a narrow crack, which may be connected to a similar bubble trap.…”

Section: Pre-eruptive Pressure Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seismic observations suggest that steam bubbles are crucial in transferring heat to water in the conduit and in driving the eruption (Kieffer, 1984(Kieffer, , 1989. Underground cavities at some geysers may create a "bubble trap" that allows for the accumulation of a two-phase fluid (liquid + steam) in the system and the episodic release of this fluid (Mackenzie, 1811;Belousov et al, 2013;Vandemeulebrouck et al, 2013Vandemeulebrouck et al, , 2014Adelstein et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

Muñoz-Sáez

Manga

Hurwitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Despite more than 200 years of scientific study, the internal dynamics of geyser systems remain poorly characterized. As a consequence, there remain fundamental questions about what processes initiate and terminate eruptions, and where eruptions begin. Over a one-week period in October 2012, we collected down-hole measurements of pressure and temperature in the conduit of an exceptionally regular geyser (132 s/cycle) located in the Chilean desert. We identified four stages in the geyser cycle: (1) recharge of water into the conduit after an eruption, driven by the pressure difference between water in the conduit and in a deeper reservoir; (2) a pre-eruptive stage that follows the recharge and is dominated by addition of steam from below; (3) the eruption, which occurs by rapid boiling of a large mass of water at the top of the water column, and decompression that propagates boiling conditions downward; and (4) a relaxation stage during which pressure and temperature decrease until conditions preceding the recharge stage are restored. Eruptions are triggered by the episodic addition of steam coming from depth, suggesting that the dynamics of the eruptions are dominated by geometrical and thermodynamic complexities in the conduit and reservoir. Further evidence favoring the dominance of internal processes in controlling periodicity is also provided by the absence of responses of the geyser to environmental perturbations (air pressure, temperature and probably also Earth tides).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Eruption Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-eruptive Pressure Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

Muñoz-Sáez

Manga

Hurwitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Following Jackson et al [69], a constant number density of the There is a layer of detail in the theory for the eruptions (including the roles of constrictions in the pipe, 472 surface tension changes in the liquid, bubble traps etc. [52,74,75]) that go into greater depth than this 473 simple demonstration warrants (although limitations relating to the local sound speed, which are usually 474 not important on Earth, have been proposed for other worlds [76]). In this paper, two types of geyser will 475 be produced, one that erupts at regular intervals, and one that does not erupt but delivers liquid and bubbles 476 to the surface of the world or moon.…”

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confidence: 93%

Extraterrestrial sound for planetaria: A pedagogical study

Leighton

Banda

Bergès

et al. 2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Abstract:The purpose of this project was to supply an acoustical simulation device to a local planetarium for use in live shows aimed at engaging and inspiring children in science and engineering. The device plays audio simulations of estimates of the sounds produced by natural phenomena to accompany audio-visual presentations and live shows about Venus, Mars and Titan. Amongst the simulated noise are the sounds of thunder, wind and cryo-volcanoes. The device can also modify the speech of the presenter (or audience member) in accordance with the underlying physics to reproduce those vocalisations as if they had been produced on the world under discussion. Given that no time series recordings exist of sounds from other worlds, these sounds had to be simulated. The goal was to ensure that the audio simulations were delivered in time for a planetarium's launch show to enable the requested outreach to children. The exercise has also allowed an explanation, in an ageappropriate way, of the science and engineering behind the creation of the sounds. This has been achieved for young children, and also for older students and undergraduates, who could then debate the limitations of that method, and how a fuller research programme might rectify them. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationExtraterrestrial sound for planetaria: a pedagogical study

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Eruptions at Lone Star geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 2. Constraints on subsurface dynamics

et al. 2014

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We use seismic, tilt, lidar, thermal, and gravity data from 32 consecutive eruption cycles of Lone Star geyser in Yellowstone National Park to identify key subsurface processes throughout the geyser's eruption cycle. Previously, we described measurements and analyses associated with the geyser's erupting jet dynamics. Here we show that seismicity is dominated by hydrothermal tremor (~5-40 Hz) attributed to the nucleation and/or collapse of vapor bubbles. Water discharge during eruption preplay triggers high-amplitude tremor pulses from a back azimuth aligned with the geyser cone, but during the rest of the eruption cycle it is shifted to the east-northeast. Moreover,~4 min period ground surface displacements recur every 26 ± 8 min and are uncorrelated with the eruption cycle. Based on these observations, we conclude that (1) the dynamical behavior of the geyser is controlled by the thermo-mechanical coupling between the geyser conduit and a laterally offset reservoir periodically filled with a highly compressible two-phase mixture, (2) liquid and steam slugs periodically ascend into the shallow crust near the geyser system inducing detectable deformation, (3) eruptions occur when the pressure decrease associated with overflow from geyser conduit during preplay triggers an unstable feedback between vapor generation (cavitation) and mass discharge, and (4) flow choking at a constriction in the conduit arrests the runaway process and increases the saturated vapor pressure in the reservoir by a factor of~10 during eruptions.

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Geyser preplay and eruption in a laboratory model with a bubble trap

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

Extraterrestrial sound for planetaria: A pedagogical study

Eruptions at Lone Star geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 2. Constraints on subsurface dynamics

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