GHG Emissions from Livestock: Challenges and Ameliorative Measures to Counter Adversity

Abstract

Livestock and climate change are interlinked through a complex mechanism and serve the role of both contributor as well as sufferer. The livestock sector is primarily accountable for the emission of methane and nitrous oxide. Methane emission takes place from both enteric fermentation and manure management; whilst nitrous oxide emission is purely from manure management. Rumen methanogenesis due to emission intensity and loss of biological energy always remains a priority for the researchers. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from manure are determined by storage conditions and the organic content of the manure waste. Due to large livestock population, India is a major contributor of enteric methane emission, while its contribution to the excrement methane is negligible. In this chapter, information pertaining to enteric methane emission, excrement methane and nitrous oxide emissions and ameliorative/ precautionary measures for reducing the intensity of emissions have been compiled and presented.

Methane mitigation potential of phyto-sources from Northeast India and their effect on rumen fermentation characteristics and protozoa in vitro

“…The host animal is deprived for 39.5 KJ energy for each liter of enteric methane emission [ 2 ]. About 90 Tg enteric methane is added per year to the global atmospheric pool [ 3 ], and 11% of the global enteric methane emission is contributed by the Indian livestock [ 4 ]. The acute shortage of quality feed and fodders in the country and feeding primarily on high fiber diet are few of the obvious reasons for large methane emission from Indian livestock.…”

Review and Perspectives of Energy-Efficient Methane Production from Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs Using Carbon Dioxide Exchange Technology

“…The major economic sectors contributing to CO 2 emissions are power generation and heat production, agriculture and forestry, industries, and transportation. 104 The zeolitic nature of hydrates exhibits unique adsorption qualities that are considered important for consumption and storage. 7 Figure 8 shows the five stages of the large-scale carbon sequestration process.…”

“…These hyperthermal events can cause significant environmental changes and trigger ecological events. The major economic sectors contributing to CO 2 emissions are power generation and heat production, agriculture and forestry, industries, and transportation . The zeolitic nature of hydrates exhibits unique adsorption qualities that are considered important for consumption and storage …”

Utilização De Taninos Como Aditivo Nutricional Na Dieta De Ruminantes

“…Estima-se que a população mundial cresça de 7 a 9 bilhões de pessoas nos próximos 40 anos, que aumente a ocupação das zonas urbanas e dobre a renda média mensal por habitante, conforme o que já se observa gradativamente no Brasil, sudeste asiático, Oriente Médio e África (FAO, 2018;UN-DESAPT, 2017). Existe uma necessidade global para intensificar a produção de alimentos principalmente leite, carne e ovos onde se estima que a procura aumente em 30%, 60% e 80% até 2050 quando comparado com a década de 90 (HENCHION et al, 2017;MALIK et al, 2016). Os levantamentos realizados pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura-FAO (2018), indicam que no Brasil a necessidade por alimentos irá aumentar em 35% até 2030 e que nos próximos 40 anos será necessário que a produção agropecuária dobre juntamente com o acréscimo em até 50% dos grãos (BOLFE, 2018).…”