Ghrelin: A link between ageing, metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders

Stoyanova, Irina

doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.026

Cited by 73 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 259 publications

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“…In fact, a decline of NPY and ghrelin plasma levels in humans correlates with the increase of age [88-90] and the modulation of these peptides has been shown to provide neuroprotection in several neurodegenerative diseases [46, 91-94]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric restriction stimulates autophagy in rat cortical neurons through neuropeptide Y and ghrelin receptors activation

Ferreira-Marques

Aveleira

Carmo‐Silva

et al. 2016

Aging

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Caloric restriction is an anti-aging intervention known to extend lifespan in several experimental models, at least in part, by stimulating autophagy. Caloric restriction increases neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus and plasma ghrelin, a peripheral gut hormone that acts in hypothalamus to modulate energy homeostasis. NPY and ghrelin have been shown to be neuroprotective in different brain areas and to induce several physiological modifications similar to those induced by caloric restriction. However, the effect of NPY and ghrelin in autophagy in cortical neurons is currently not known. Using a cell culture of rat cortical neurons we investigate the involvement of NPY and ghrelin in caloric restriction-induced autophagy. We observed that a caloric restriction mimetic cell culture medium stimulates autophagy in rat cortical neurons and NPY or ghrelin receptor antagonists blocked this effect. On the other hand, exogenous NPY or ghrelin stimulate autophagy in rat cortical neurons. Moreover, NPY mediates the stimulatory effect of ghrelin on autophagy in rat cortical neurons. Since autophagy impairment occurs in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, NPY and ghrelin synergistic effect on autophagy stimulation may suggest a new strategy to delay aging process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric restriction stimulates autophagy in rat cortical neurons through neuropeptide Y and ghrelin receptors activation

Ferreira-Marques

Aveleira

Carmo‐Silva

et al. 2016

Aging

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“…22 Moreover, ghrelin stimulates brain activity in certain regions involved in controlling eating behaviour, such as the amygdale and the orbitofrontal cortex. [23][24][25] Thus, besides the demonstrated classic effect of appetite stimulation through hypothalamic circuits, ghrelin may be involved in regulating eating behaviour. 16 Ghrelin stimulates food intake in an acute manner, inducing meal initiation.…”

Section: Ghrelin -A Peripheral Orexigenic Peptide With Central Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ghrelin in energy balance and body weight homeostasis

Mihalache¹,

Gherasim²,

Niţă³

et al. 2016

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ghrelin is a gut peptide composed of 28 amino acids mostly secreted in the gastric fundus mucosa. It was isolated and described in 1999 by Kojima et al. and only three years later its specific receptor, ghsR1a, was also identified. ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the gh secretagogue receptor, is the only peripheral orexigenic hormone that activates the receptors to be found especially in the appetite center (hypothalamus and pituitary gland). ghrelin is present in human plasma in two forms: an inactive form known as deacylated ghrelin, and an active form called acylated ghrelin synthesized under the action of ghrelin O-acyltransferase enzyme (gOAT). The literature even mentions an extremely complex ghrelin/gOAT/ghsR system involved in the regulation of human energy, metabolism and adaptation of energy homeostasis to environmental changes. In humans, there is a preprandial rise and a postprandial fall in plasma ghrelin levels, which strongly suggest that the peptide plays a physiological role in meal initiation and may be employed in determining the amount and quality of ingested food. Besides the stimulation of food intake, ghrelin determines a decrease in energy expenditure and promotes the storage of fatty acids in adipocytes. Thus, in the human body ghrelin induces a positive energy balance, an increased adiposity gain, as well as an increase in caloric storage, seen as an adaptive mechanism to caloric restriction conditions. In the current world context, when we are witnessing an increasing availability of food and a reduction of energy expenditure to a minimum level, these mechanisms have become pathogenic. As a consequence, the hypothesis that ghrelin is involved in the current obesity epidemic has been embraced by many scholars and researchers

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“…Knowing the problems associated with genome information, it is difficult for couples preparing for marriage to disclose their genetic information to their partners. For instance, if your partner has the mutation associated with Huntington's disease, then you know that there is a possibility for his/her brain to deteriorate once he/she reaches 40 to 50 years of age (mid of his career), and may even lose control over his/her movements and die within another 10 to 20 years (Stoyanova, 2014).…”

Section: Sociocultural Implication Of Knowing Your Partner's Genome Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of genome information on mate selection: From the African perspective

Adadey¹

2017

J. Med. Genet. Genomics

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Mate selection in humans is an important social activity which is central to every individual's life. The debate on the ethics of generating and using genetic information has been of concern to several researchers from the time of the completion of the human genome project till now. Some of the important questions to consider include whether it is ethical to generate and use genetic information in mate selection. This piece of literature is focused on critically evaluating the possible impacts of the knowledge of the genomic information on the choice of a life partner from the African perspective.

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Ghrelin: A link between ageing, metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders

Cited by 73 publications

References 259 publications

Caloric restriction stimulates autophagy in rat cortical neurons through neuropeptide Y and ghrelin receptors activation

Caloric restriction stimulates autophagy in rat cortical neurons through neuropeptide Y and ghrelin receptors activation

Effects of ghrelin in energy balance and body weight homeostasis

The impact of genome information on mate selection: From the African perspective

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