Ghrelin and bone

Delhanty, Patric J. D.; Eerden, Bram C. J. van der; Leeuwen, Johannes P.T.M. van

doi:10.1002/biof.1120

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Recently, much importance has been attached to new findings that ghrelin affects bone and cartilage metabolisms. Ghrelin has been shown to modulate bone structure, osteoblast differentiation and function, which constitutes a new mechanism that couples bone metabolism with energy homeostasis . The expression of ghrelin was observed to be localized primarily in the epiphyseal growth plates' proliferative and maturative zone in both rat and human cartilage , which further supports the hypothesis that ghrelin could act as a growth factor for chondrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Attenuated levels of ghrelin in synovial fluid is related to the disease severity of ankle post‐traumatic osteoarthritis

Zou

Yang³

et al. 2019

BioFactors

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Post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of ankle joints results in pain and reduced joint function. Ghrelin, a 28‐amino‐acid polypeptide, has been previously identified as the first cognate natural ligand that binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. In the present study, ghrelin has been validated to exert cartilage‐protective and anti‐inflammatory effects. The current study was aimed at investigating the potential role of the levels of serum and synovial fluid (SF) ghrelin on the severity of disease in patients suffering from ankle PTOA. Ninety‐seven patients with ankle osteoarthritis who received an arthroscopical examination and debridement or replacement of the ankle joint were included in the study cohort. Meanwhile, 95 healthy individuals (whose age and sex were matched) who received periodic body checkups were enrolled as healthy controls. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the ghrelin levels in serum and SF. SF was also probed for cartilage degradation enzyme matrix metalloproteinases‐3 (MMP‐3) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), which is a known pro‐inflammatory cytokine. The clinical evaluation was carried out using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle‐hindfoot rating scale and visual analogue scale (VAS). The radiographic severity was evaluated using the modified Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) grading system. We scored for the modified Mankin's score to depict histopathological changes due to cartilage lesions. The diagnostic relevance of the ghrelin concentrations in the prediction of the radiographic grading (in comparison with MMP‐3 and TNF‐α) was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The serum abundance of ghrelin was not significantly altered between ankle PTOA patients and healthy controls. SF ghrelin was negatively correlated with radiographic progression determined by modified ankle K–L grades. In addition SF ghrelin concentrations were negatively related to VAS scores, and positively associated with AOFAS ankle‐hindfoot rating. Moreover, SF ghrelin was inversely proportional to the expressions of MMP‐3 and TNF‐α. ROC analysis curve demonstrated that ghrelin serves as a favorable marker for the diagnosis of radiographic severity by modified ankle K‐L grade. The ghrelin concentration in SF is negatively proportional to disease progression in patients suffering from ankle PTOA. Local administration of ghrelin may function as a decent adjuvant therapy to delay the progress of ankle PTOA. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):463–470, 2019

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Attenuated levels of ghrelin in synovial fluid is related to the disease severity of ankle post‐traumatic osteoarthritis

Zou

Yang³

et al. 2019

BioFactors

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“…Ghrelin and GHS-R1a are expressed in rat osteoblasts; ghrelin increases proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro and bone mineral density (BMD) in vivo (47). It has been shown that ghrelin regulates bone formation and mass by activating phosphorylation of AMPK (48).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin

Pradhan¹,

Samson²,

Sun³

2013

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

247

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Purpose of review Ghrelin is a multifaceted gut hormone which activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin's hallmark functions are its stimulatory effects on food intake, fat deposition and growth hormone release. Ghrelin is famously known as the “hunger hormone”. However, ample literature indicates that the functions of ghrelin go well beyond its role as an orexigenic signal. Here we have reviewed some of the most recent findings on ghrelin and its signaling in animals and humans. Recent findings Ghrelin regulates glucose hemostasis by inhibiting insulin secretion and regulating gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis. Ghrelin signaling decreases thermogenesis to regulate energy expenditure. Ghrelin improves the survival prognosis of myocardial infarction by reducing sympathetic nerve activity. Ghrelin prevents muscle atrophy by inducing muscle differentiation and fusion. Ghrelin regulates bone formation and metabolism by modulating proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Ghrelin is also involved in cancer development and metastasis; ghrelin and GHS-R mRNA are highly expressed in metastatic forms of cancers. Summary In addition to ghrelin's effects on appetite and adiposity, ghrelin signaling also plays crucial roles in glucose- and energy-homeostasis, cardioprotection, muscle atrophy, bone metabolism and cancer. These multifaceted roles of ghrelin make ghrelin and GHS-R highly attractive targets for drug development.

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“…Ghrelin directly influences the release of Ca 2+ ions in adenohypophysis, leading to pulsatile secretion of growth hormone, which acts through the G‐protein coupled receptor GHS‐R (growth hormone secretagogue receptor). In addition to the previously listed effects, ghrelin possesses anti‐inflammatory effects and has effects related to the bone formation , cardiovascular function , reproductive function, and the maintenance of glucose homeostasis , all by GHS‐R. Ghrelin consists of 28 amino acid residues and it is octanoylated at Ser 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ghrelin directly influences the release of Ca 2+ ions in adenohypophysis, leading to pulsatile secretion of growth hormone, which acts through the G-protein coupled receptor GHS-R (growth hormone secretagogue receptor). In addition to the previously listed effects, ghrelin possesses anti-inflammatory effects [5] and has effects related to the bone formation [6], cardiovascular function [7], Abbreviations: ACN, acetonitrile; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FA, formic acid; GHS-R, growth hormone secretagogue receptor; MeOH, methanol; SSA, sulfosalicylic acid Conflict of interest: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approach to determine ghrelin analogs by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry using a monolithic column

et al. 2017

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In our project, ghrelin analogs possessing enhanced stability and potential to significantly increase food intake were used. Three newly synthesized ghrelin analogs with fatty acid residues consisting of 8, 10, and 14 carbon atoms were studied. The main goal of this work was to develop a suitable analytical method for the determination of the stability of the novel ghrelin analogs in plasma. An appropriate liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and optimized. The results obtained were compared with the data measured by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and a good correlation was found. A preparation strategy for plasma samples was optimized and consisted of simple dilution of the plasma samples followed by direct injection onto a very short monolithic column in combination with mass spectrometric detection. The developed analytical method was utilized for the determination of the stability of the prepared lipopeptides in plasma and for the quantification of the lipopeptides in a preliminary pharmacokinetic study. The feasibility of the developed separation method was clearly demonstrated. Accuracy and precision were within 80-120% and ±20% limits, respectively. Calibration curves were constructed in the range of 1-250 μg/mL.

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Ghrelin and bone

Cited by 47 publications

References 68 publications

Attenuated levels of ghrelin in synovial fluid is related to the disease severity of ankle post‐traumatic osteoarthritis

Attenuated levels of ghrelin in synovial fluid is related to the disease severity of ankle post‐traumatic osteoarthritis

Ghrelin

Novel approach to determine ghrelin analogs by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry using a monolithic column

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