Ghrelin and cannabinoids require the ghrelin receptor to affect cellular energy metabolism

Abstract

Highlights► Ghrelin requires GHS-R1a for its effect on hypothalamic, liver and adipose tissue AMPK activity. ► An intact ghrelin signalling pathway is required for the effects of cannabinoids on AMPK activity. ► Ghrelin and cannabinoids stimulate hypothalamic but inhibit liver and visceral fat AMPK. ► Treatment with HU210 at 20 ng/g significantly inhibited inguinal fat AMPK activity. ► We report the loss of inhibitory effects of ghrelin on liver AMPK activity in GHS-R1a KO mice.

Central acylated ghrelin improves memory function and hippocampal AMPK activation and partly reverses the impairment of energy and glucose metabolism in rats infused with β-amyloid

“…The β-amyloid (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) and β-amyloid were dissolved in sterile saline and stored at −20°C before use. The infusion of β-amyloid (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) into the LV causes the accumulation of β-amyloid whereas the infusion of β-amyloid , the reverse sequence of β-amyloid (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), does not accumulate in the brain, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry using β-amyloid antibody [4,21].…”

“…The infusion of β-amyloid (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) into the LV causes the accumulation of β-amyloid whereas the infusion of β-amyloid , the reverse sequence of β-amyloid (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), does not accumulate in the brain, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry using β-amyloid antibody [4,21]. Each β-amyloid solution was infused via an osmotic pump (Alzet Osmotic Pump Company, Cupertino, CA) at the rate of 16.8 nmol/day for 3 days.…”

“…Each β-amyloid solution was infused via an osmotic pump (Alzet Osmotic Pump Company, Cupertino, CA) at the rate of 16.8 nmol/day for 3 days. The cannula was secured with dental cement and connected to 22-gauge tubing filled with one of the following: β-amyloid (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), designated AD; β-amyloid (35-25) designated Non-AD (negative control).…”

The role of Endocannabinoid System in pathogenesis and therapy of obesity

“…Kola i wsp. wykazali istotny wzrost stężenia 2-AG w podwzgórzu pod wpływem bezpośredniego podania tego peptydu [26,27]. Wydzielany w żołądku na czczo, za pośrednictwem podwzgórza zwięk-sza łaknienie w wyniku stymulacji sekrecji neuropeptydu Y, białka agouti oraz oreksyny, a także poprzez hamowanie wydzielania antyoreksygennych związków, takich jak proopiomelanokortyna, białko CART (cocaine-and aphetamine-regulated transcript, CART) oraz hormon melanotropowy (melanocyte-stimulating-hormone, MSH) [2,27].…”

“…Wynik ten wskazuje jednoznacznie, iż oreksygenne działanie tego hormonu jest zależne od CB1 [27]. W innym badaniu wykazano, iż kanabinoidy także aktywizują AMPK w podwzgórzu, a efekt ten jest możliwy tylko w obecności receptora dla greliny (GHS-R), co potwierdza zależność tych dwóch układów [26].…”