Ghrelin and Leptin and Their Relations with Insulin Resistance in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients

Abstract

Ghrelin and leptin are hunger hormones related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the pathogenesis of T2DM is the abnormality in insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study is to evaluate ghrelin and leptin concentrations in blood and to specify the relationship of these hormones as dependent variables with some biochemical and clinical measurements in T2DM patients. In this study, forty one T2DM and forty three non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) subjects, aged between 40-60 years and with normal weight, were enrolled. Fasting serum ghrelin and leptin were estimated by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In our results ghrelin was significantly increased, and leptin was significantly decreased, in T2DM patients compared with non-DM subjects. Ghrelin was positively correlated with the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and IR, but inversely related to the insulin sensitivity (IS). Leptin was negatively correlated with mean arterial pressure (MAP), FBG, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), IR, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide (NO), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as showed a linear correlation with IS and a strong dependence on sex. The area under the curve (AUC) value shows ghrelin and leptin as biomarkers for T2DM. In conclusion ghrelin and leptin hormones have predictive ability to predict T2DM, as they are significantly associated with IR, IS, free radicals, and lipid profile.

The Association of Peptide Hormones with Glycemia, Dyslipidemia, and Obesity in Lebanese Individuals

“…In addition to this, diabetics were found to have a higher ratio of leptin/ghrelin [51]; in our study we noticed a positive correlation with the HOMA-IR. Since both leptin and ghrelin are involved in glucose metabolism, diabetics tend to have lower ghrelin levels and higher serum leptin [52] and as a result the leptin/ghrelin ratio would be higher in diabetics. However, further studies are required on a bigger sample size with the consideration of the effect of postprandial meal on the leptin/ghrelin ratio and also comparing diabetics to nondiabetics (obese) individuals to further understand the relationship.…”

The role of gut hormonal aspect in Iraqi patients subjected to sleeve Gastrectomy

“…Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone primarily secreted by the ga stric fundus, recently, it has been proposed that ghrelin, may also have effects on glucose homeostasis in addition to i ts effects on caloric intake 9 . So, ghrelin, as appetitestimulating hormone, was initially discovered in the stomachs of both rats and humans 10 . Ghrelin is the only powerful orexigenic hormone that is released during fasting from the stomach, initiates feeding, and controls meal frequency.…”

Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels as a Novel Marker in Iraqi Obese Children

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