Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels in Children With Failure to Thrive and Obesity

Wali, Prateek; King, Jeremy D.; He, Zhaoping; Tonb, Dalal; Horváth, Károly

doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000223

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The ghrelin concentration was lowest in obese patients with hypertension, which shows its negative correlation with obesity and obesity-related hypertension. This is in agreement with the results of previously published studies, proving a compensatory decrease in ghrelin when adipose tissue increases [14,24]. However, some previous studies in children found no correlation between ghrelin and obesity-related hypertension, a correlation that was recently shown in adults [15,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Subgroup analysis of included patients revealed a moderate negative statistical correlation between ghrelin/adiponectin and a positive correlation between leptin and anthropometrical parameters in the group of obese children and adolescents with hypertension. These results show their good potential for assessing obesity, which was also confirmed by other studies [24,31]. In the present study, their observed correlation with systolic blood pressure indicates their role in hypertension risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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The associations between some biological markers, obesity, and cardiovascular risk in Slovenian children and adolescents

2020

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Introduction: The occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders steadily increases with the body mass index (BMI). Since the latter is not the best and earliest indicator of obesity and cardiovascular risk, the aim of the study was to evaluate some potential biological markers that would allow us to detect children and adolescents at higher risk at an early stage. Methods: A sample of 330 children and adolescents were included in the study and divided into four groups: obese patients with hypertension, normal-weight patients with hypertension, patients with mildly elevated lipids and a control group of healthy children and adolescents. Some clinical parameters (age, body weight, body height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure), biochemical parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein A1, homocysteine) and biological markers of obesity (ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin) were evaluated. Results: Ghrelin and adiponectin were found to have a strong negative statistically significant correlation with BMI in all three observed groups (p < 0.001), but not in the control group (p = 0.053 and p = 0.316, respectively). In addition, leptin had a strong positive statistically significant correlation with BMI in all four groups (p < 0.001 for the research groups, p = 0.009 for the controls). In the group of obese patients with hypertension, statistically significant differences in all three markers of obesity were found in comparison to the control group (p < 0.001 for all markers). In the group of patients with mildly elevated lipids, ghrelin and leptin were significantly different (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). In the group of normal-weight hypertensive patients, only values of ghrelin were different compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In the research groups, significant differences were found in clinical, biochemical and biological parameters compared to the control group. The observed biological markers of obesity are useful early markers for identifying groups of patients that are at cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The associations between some biological markers, obesity, and cardiovascular risk in Slovenian children and adolescents

2020

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“…Many studies confirmed that sustained hyperglycemia, indicated by elevated HbA1c, is an independent risk factor for the cognitive impairment [39]. Other researchers also noticed that ghrelin levels in obesity patients was lower compared to agematched controls health people [40], and they are negatively correlated with BMI [9,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Ghrelin Levels in Elderly, Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Górska-Ciebiada¹,

Cypryk²,

Borkowska³

et al. 2018

Neuropsychiatry

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Objective:The etiology of cognitive impairment in diabetes is unknown, but probably associated with many factors. One of the recent hypotheses suggests that ghrelin could be involved in cognitive impairment in diabetic patients. It has been reported that ghrelin signaling occurs in the hippocampus and improves memory and spatial learning. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of ghrelin in elderly, diabetic patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to determine the predictors of having MCI in elderly diabetics. Methods:The cross-sectional study was conduct among 276 elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes. 87 patients with MCI and 189 controls were selected according to the criteria proposed by the MCI Working Group of the European Consortium on Alzheimer's Disease (using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: MoCA score). Data of biochemical parameters and biomarkers were collected. The serum levels of ghrelin were assessed using ELISA kit. Results:Serum levels of ghrelin were significantly lower in patients with MCI compared to controls. In MCI patients serum ghrelin levels were positively correlated with MoCA score and negatively correlated with HbA1c and BMI. The logistic regression models revealed that variables which increased the likelihood of diagnosis of MCI in elderly diabetic patients were: lower levels of ghrelin, higher levels of HbA1c, hypertension, previous cardiovascular disease, increased number of co-morbidities, and less years of formal education. Conclusion:In summary, serum levels of ghrelin were decreased in MCI elderly diabetic patients compared to controls and associated with poor MoCA score. The results indicated that lower ghrelin levels may be a risk factor for a cognitive impairment in diabetic, elderly patients. Further prospective larger studies are needed to confirm the role of this marker in the progression to dementia.

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“…Similarly, studies by Mohsen et al and Wali et al have shown nearly 100 times variability in mean total Ghrelin levels despite using ELISA for the assay. 11,18 All these studies have estimated Ghrelin in the morning hours in fasting state, except in study by Tannenbaum et al where blood sample was taken between 0900 to 1200 hours without consideration to meal time. 17 Present study has shown even more marked difference (nearly 100-1000 times higher) in Ghrelin levels of healthy controls and PEM when compared to above studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low plasma ghrelin levels in children with severe protein energy malnutrition

Harikrishnan

Kumar

Sachdeva

et al. 2018

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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INTRODUCTIONProtein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health problem in developing countries. According to Indian National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3), 46 % children under three years of age were underweight, 38% were stunted and 10% were wasted.1 Children are specially prone to malnutrition because of the high protein and energy requirement for growth.2 PEM is a catabolic state in which various factors lead to a net negative energy balance. There are various hormonal factors affecting this catabolic state. Many gastrointestinal hormones like Ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, etc. have a significant role in appetite regulation and net energy balance in the body. Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid orexigenic hormone secreted by neuroendocrine cells lining the fundus of the human stomach and epsilon cells of the pancreas.3 Besides stimulating hunger and increased food intake, Ghrelin is a ABSTRACT Background: Children with primary protein energy malnutrition (PEM) have significant loss of appetite which makes their nutritional rehabilitation difficult. Trials in patients with anorexia nervosa and cancer cachexia have shown short term efficacy of supplementing ghrelin to increase appetite. However, literature on ghrelin hormone status in children with PEM is scarce. We planned to study plasma ghrelin hormone levels in children with PEM and difference in plasma ghrelin levels among children having PEM of different grades. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted over one year period. All hospitalised children during the study period and fulfilling the inclusion criteria for primary PEM (WHO criteria for malnutrition) were enrolled as cases. The cases (59 children) were divided into 2 groups -(Group 1 -severe PEM, group 2 -mild to moderate PEM) and were compared with 19 healthy children as controls (Group 3). Plasma fasting ghrelin levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. The results were analysed using Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: Median plasma ghrelin level among severe PEM group was 1.942ng/ml (interquartile range (IQR): 0.064, 9.506), mild to moderate PEM -17.662 ng/ml (IQR: 1.658, 40.129) and controls -17.525 ng/ml (IQR: 0.626, 27.361). Median ghrelin value was significantly lower in severe PEM group as compared to mild to moderate PEM (p value-0.027). Conclusions: Plasma ghrelin levels are significantly reduced in children with severe PEM as compared with mild to moderate PEM and healthy controls.

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Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels in Children With Failure to Thrive and Obesity

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

The associations between some biological markers, obesity, and cardiovascular risk in Slovenian children and adolescents

The associations between some biological markers, obesity, and cardiovascular risk in Slovenian children and adolescents

Ghrelin Levels in Elderly, Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Low plasma ghrelin levels in children with severe protein energy malnutrition

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