Ghrelin Plasma Levels in Patients with Idiopathic Short Stature

Íñiguez, Germán; Román, Rossana; Youlton, R; Cassorla, Fernando; Mericq, Verónica

doi:10.1159/000317429

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It has been shown previously that short children tend to have increased ghrelin levels [31]. Therefore, not surprisingly, ghrelin levels were above the reference range in all study groups at baseline.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Metabolic Impact of Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Lebl

Lebenthal²,

Koloušková³

et al. 2011

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Growth hormone (GH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age (SGA) may result in metabolic changes with potential long-term effects. Methods: 149 short SGA children (mean birth weight 2.0 ± 0.6 kg, age 5.5 ± 1.5 years, height standard deviation score (SDS) –3.1 ± 0.6) were randomised to: low-dose GH therapy (0.033 mg/kg/day) for 2 years; high-dose GH therapy (0.100 mg/kg/day) for 1 year, or mid-dose GH therapy (0.067 mg/kg/day) for 1 year. Leptin, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), lipids, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Results: After 1 year of active treatment, GH significantly reduced serum ghrelin and increased IGF-I SDS and insulin levels. Regression analysis showed an inverse correlation between ghrelin and IGF-I SDS (p < 0.001). Leptin and IGFBP-1 also declined (both p < 0.05). Changes in insulin levels reversed upon discontinuation. Improvements in lipid profile were nonsignificant and fasting blood glucose levels remained within the normal range. Conclusion: In short SGA children, ghrelin and leptin reductions associated with GH treatment may occur through a negative feedback loop of the GH–IGF-I axis. Consequently, via ghrelin and leptin suppression, GH treatment may modify food intake and body composition and potentially improve long-term metabolic outcomes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Metabolic Impact of Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Lebl

Lebenthal²,

Koloušková³

et al. 2011

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…We did so for several reasons. First, it was proved that in ISS AGA children, the ghrelin concentration is higher while IGF-I is lower than in controls [31,32]. In turn, in SGA children without catch-up growth who remain short, GH treatment improves final height [33] and brings about favourable long-term metabolic benefits [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor I and adipocytokines concentrations in born small for gestational age prepubertal children after the catch-up growth

Stawerska

Szałapska

Hilczer

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…e most prominent and early known effects of ghrelin following its discovery are appetite stimulation and GH release stimulation [7,58,59]. Nowadays, different studies showed that ghrelin has many functions beyond the initial discoveries ( Figure 3).…”

Section: System-based Understanding Of Physiological Effect Of Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Effect of Ghrelin on Body Systems

Akalu

Molla

Dessie

et al. 2020

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Ghrelin is a relatively novel multifaceted hormone that has been found to exert a plethora of physiological effects. In this review, we found/confirmed that ghrelin has effect on all body systems. It induces appetite; promotes the use of carbohydrates as a source of fuel while sparing fat; inhibits lipid oxidation and promotes lipogenesis; stimulates the gastric acid secretion and motility; improves cardiac performance; decreases blood pressure; and protects the kidneys, heart, and brain. Ghrelin is important for learning, memory, cognition, reward, sleep, taste sensation, olfaction, and sniffing. It has sympatholytic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antifibrotic, and osteogenic effects. Moreover, ghrelin makes the skeletal muscle more excitable and stimulates its regeneration following injury; delays puberty; promotes fetal lung development; decreases thyroid hormone and testosterone; stimulates release of growth hormone, prolactin, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, vasopressin, and oxytocin; inhibits insulin release; and promotes wound healing. Ghrelin protects the body by different mechanisms including inhibition of unwanted inflammation and induction of autophagy. Having a clear understanding of the ghrelin effect in each system has therapeutic implications. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ghrelin actions as well as its application as a GHSR agonist to treat most common diseases in each system without any paradoxical outcomes on the other systems.

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Ghrelin Plasma Levels in Patients with Idiopathic Short Stature

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Metabolic Impact of Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Metabolic Impact of Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor I and adipocytokines concentrations in born small for gestational age prepubertal children after the catch-up growth

Physiological Effect of Ghrelin on Body Systems

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