Ghrelin Stimulation of Growth Hormone Isoforms: Parallel Secretion of Total and 20-kDa Growth Hormone and Relation to Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Humans

Abstract

Ghrelin dose-dependently increases endogenous 20-kDa and total GH secretion in a parallel fashion in healthy subjects. Both basal and stimulated levels of the different GH isoforms were positively associated with insulin sensitivity in this cohort of healthy men and women.

Prevention of Bone Loss in a Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis through Adrenomedullin Inhibition

“…Accordingly, ghrelin levels in the blood of our KOs are significantly higher than in the WTs as tested by ELISA (Figure 4C ). Closing the circle, the literature tells us that ghrelin promotes bone formation either through the induction of growth hormone or through growth hormone-independent mechanisms (Tong et al, 2012 ; Delhanty et al, 2014b ; Wee and Baldock, 2014 ).…”

“…Low glycemic levels induce ghrelin secretion in the stomach through sympathetic neurons and the release of norepinephrine (Goldstein et al, 2011 ). Then ghrelin favors bone formation either in a direct way acting on osteoblasts (Ma et al, 2015 ) or through the induction of growth hormone or IGF-1 (Fukushima et al, 2005 ; Deng et al, 2008 ; Tong et al, 2012 ; Delhanty et al, 2014a , b ; Wee and Baldock, 2014 ).…”

Pitfalls of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and Growth Hormone Assays

“…20 Under normal conditions as well as in response to a variety of stimuli, the different isoforms of GH are secreted in parallel. 20,21 It has been speculated that the proportion of non-22 kD GH isoforms may be increased in acromegaly, 22,23 but this increase is not likely to be large enough to lead to misdiagnosis even when using 22 kD-specific GH assays, and no relationship between specific isoforms and types of disease has been shown. The only exception is during pregnancy, when a placental GH (GH-2 or GH-V) replaces pituitary GH.…”

Gaps in the Traceability Chain of Human Growth Hormone Measurements

“…Human growth hormone (hGH) 6 is a protein secreted by the pituitary gland. It regulates the increase in height during childhood and has other anabolic effects.…”