Giant anterior fontanel encephalocoele: A rare case report and review of literature

Abstract

A BSTRACT An encephalocoele is a spectrum of cranial dysraphism caused due to defective closure of neural tube during early embryonic life, leading to formation of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–filled sac containing brain tissue and meninges, all herniated through a bony defect of the skull. Anterior encephalocoeles, though rare in the Western world, are relatively common in southeast Asia, including some parts of India. Among anterior encephalocoeles, fronto-ethmoidal type is the most common followed by orbital encephalocoeles. Giant encephalocoeles are rare with few published short series, which are mostly located in occipital region. Giant interfrontal encephalocoele through a wide anterior fontanel is the rarest one and is limited to three case reports, including this index case. Here we report a case of giant anterior fontanel encephalocoele in a 20-day-old neonate and discuss various aspects of its management.

The function of human milk oligosaccharides and their substitute oligosaccharides as probiotics in gut inflammation

“…Sialylated compounds inhibit the adhesion of toxins, bacteria and viruses to epithelial cell surface receptors and promote the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. [18][19][20] NEC is one of the most common and fatal intestinal diseases in premature infants, and treatment options are very limited. The NEC risk of breastfed infants is 6-10 times lower than that of formula-fed infants, and we have previously shown that HMOs improve survival and reduce pathology in rat NEC models.…”