Giant electrorheological fluids with ultrahigh electrorheological efficiency based on a micro/nano hybrid calcium titanyl oxalate composite

Abstract

A novel micro/nanoparticle hybrid calcium titanyl oxalate electrorheological (ER) material composed of micron-sized spindly particles and nanometer-sized irregular particles was successfully fabricated. The giant ER fluid based on the composite exhibits enhanced not only yield stress but also low field-off viscosity, thereby resulting in an ultrahigh ER efficiency that greatly exceeds that of any existing giant ER (GER) material. The synergistic effect between the spindly microparticles and irregular nanoparticles discovered in this study suggests a promising method for solving the long-standing ER efficiency problems. Moreover, the one-step synthesis approach presented in this work can be readily expanded for mass production of other GER materials in practical applications.

Relationship Between Viscosity and Fine Current of Electrorheological Suspension, Toward Prediction of the Inner Structure

“…Though much less work has been done on the relationship between the viscosity and fine current. Some researchers investigated the current characteristics of ER suspension for evaluating the stability of an emulsion [20], analyzing the mechanisms of leakage current [21], verifying the thermal stability [22], examining dielectric constant and conductivity [23], or evaluating of electric field [24].…”

The Electric Field Responses of Inorganic Ionogels and Poly(ionic liquid)s

“…The development of giant ER fluids by Wen et al has been a great progress that it broke the upper limit of yield stress predicted in traditional ER fluids [ 28 ]. Because of the contribution of polar molecules and high concentration, giant ER fluids are able to exhibit much higher yield stress: tens of kPa or even hundreds of kPa [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. However, high yield stress is not the only demand for industrial applications.…”

Electrorheology of SI-ATRP-modified graphene oxide particles with poly(butyl methacrylate): effect of reduction and compatibility with silicone oil

“…This phenomenon has found various industrial applications, such as in damping, 5 haptic displays, 6 and invasive surgery. 7 In the last two decades, various materials, mainly based on inorganic particles (titanium oxide 8 or silica 9,10 ), conducting polymers (poly(aniline), 11 poly(pyrrole), 12 or poly(diphenyl amine), 13 ) and their core-shell analogues 14,15 and hybrids, 16 have been used as the dispersed phase in ER suspensions. Recently, Choi et al 17 found that graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material for application in ER suspensions.…”