Giant exchange bias field above room temperature in perovskite YbCr_1−xFe_xO₃ (x = 0.6–0.9)

Abstract

In the perovskite YbCr1−xFexO3 (x = 0.6–0.9) compounds, when x = 0.8 and 0.9, the exchange bias field reaches −9.7 and −13.6 kOe, respectively, at 300 K. The EB effect is ascribed to the ferromagnetic (FM) coupling between Fe3+/Cr3+ ions and Yb3+.

Understanding the transport properties of perovskite compounds as a function of temperature, frequency and DC-bias voltage using experimental measurements and appropriate theoretical models

“…In this context, numerous factors can be modified to reach the desired properties such as doping, heat treatment, synthesis conditions, and applied polarization. 16–24 These factors can affect the material structure (A and B sites’ average radius, bond angle θ Mn–O–Mn , bond length d Mn–O–Mn , oxygen deficiency, etc .) and morphology (grain size, grain boundary effects, etc .…”

“…), leading to modifications in their physical properties (Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ ratio, electrical and magnetic transition temperatures, system behavior, etc .). 16–24 In addition, Zhan et al 25 have used the defect chemistry of perovskite systems to understand the nature of ionic conductivity and predict the properties of grain boundaries and heterogeneous solid interfaces. The partial substitution of the trivalent lanthanum ions (La 3+ ) by the monovalent sodium element (Na + ) leads to the conversion of Mn 3+ to Mn 4+ ions to maintain the charge balance.…”