Giant magnetoimpedance in rapidly quenched materials

Zhukov, А.; Ipatov, M.; González-Legarreta, Lorena; Churyukanova, M.; Blanco, J.M.; González, J.; Taskaev, S.; Hernando, B.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152225

Cited by 77 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(264 reference statements)

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“…In fact, the Taylor-Ulitovsky technique suitable for preparation amorphous glass-coated microwires with typical metallic nucleus diameters, d, ranging between 0.1 and 100 µm (although the most common d values are between 5 and 40 µm), coated by thin and continuous glass coating with typical thickness from 0.5 up to 10 µm, was known since the 1960s [15,16]. However, the rediscovery of giant magnetoimpedance, GMI [17,18], (primary discovered in permalloy crystalline wires [19]) stimulated extensive research on the development of magnetically soft wires [20][21][22][23][24]. Particularly, a GMI ratio up to 650% has been achieved in Co-rich glass-coated microwires, either by precise control of the chemical composition and the preparation parameters [25] or by the appropriate postprocessing [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of magnetic properties and GMI effect of Thin Co-rich Microwires for GMI Microsensors

González-Legarreta

Corte-León

Zhukova

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Magnetic microwires can present excellent soft magnetic properties and a giant magnetoimpedance effect. In this paper, we present our last results on the effect of postprocessing allowing optimization of the magnetoimpedance effect in Co-rich microwires suitable for magnetic microsensor applications. Giant magnetoimpedance effect improvement was achieved either by annealing or stress-annealing. Annealed Co-rich presents rectangular hysteresis loops. However, an improvement in magnetoimpedance ratio is observed at fairly high annealing temperatures over a wide frequency range. Application of stress during annealing at moderate values of annealing temperatures and stress allows for a remarkable decrease in coercivity and increase in squareness ratio and further giant magnetoimpedance effect improvement. Stress-annealing, carried out at sufficiently high temperatures and/or stress allowed induction of transverse magnetic anisotropy, as well as magnetoimpedance effect improvement. Enhanced magnetoimpedance ratio values for annealed and stress-annealed samples and frequency dependence of the magnetoimpedance are discussed in terms of the radial distribution of the magnetic anisotropy. Accordingly, we demonstrated that the giant magnetoimpedance effect of Co-rich microwires can be tailored by controlling the magnetic anisotropy of Co-rich microwires, using appropriate thermal treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of the GMI effect is commonly related to a variation of the skin depth, δ, under applied magnetic field, H, that can be observed in a magnetic conductor with high circumferential magnetic permeability, µ φ , given by the following equation [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of magnetic properties and GMI effect of Thin Co-rich Microwires for GMI Microsensors

González-Legarreta

Corte-León

Zhukova

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…In order to compare the frequency dependence on the GMI effect, we plotted frequency, f, dependence of a maximum GMI ratio, ∆Z/Z m , defined as a maximum ∆Z/Z obtained at a given frequency. Hysteresis loops of as-prepared and stress-annealed samples were measured by the flux metric methods described elsewhere [12,38]. For a better comparison of samples annealed under different conditions, we represent the hysteresis loops as the normalized magnetization, M/M 0 versus the applied magnetic field, H, where Ms is the magnetic moment at the maximum amplitude of magnetic fields, H max .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different values of mechanical loads allowed us to apply tensile stresses during the annealing, σ a , up to 900 MPa. The stress value during the annealing, σ a , within the metallic nucleus and glass shell was evaluated, as described elsewhere [38,39].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides these technical features, the overall cost should be also considered for applications (e.g., smart composites with wire inclusions) where substantial amounts of wires are required.Excellent soft magnetic properties with enhanced GMI effects are usually reported for as-prepared Co-rich [11][12][13][14][15] and nanocrystalline Fe-rich magnetic microwires [36,37]. The latter are often accompanied with an inherent brittleness of samples over the course of the nanocrystallization process, and therefore alternative stress-annealing approaches have been proposed, to enhance the GMI effect retaining the amorphous structure [38,39]. Stress-annealing can be performed in a temperature range well below the crystallization onset.…”

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Stress-Induced Magnetic Anisotropy Enabling Engineering of Magnetic Softness and GMI Effect of Amorphous Microwires

et al. 2020

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Stress-annealing enabled a considerable improvement in the GMI effect in both Fe-and Co-rich glass-coated microwires. Additionally, a remarkable magnetic softening can be achieved in stress-annealed Fe-rich microwires. Observed stress-annealing induced magnetic anisotropy is affected by annealing conditions (temperatures and stresses applied during annealing). The highest GMI ratio up to 310% was obtained in stress-annealed Co-rich microwires, although they presented rectangular hysteresis loops. A remarkable magnetic softness and improved GMI ratio over a wide frequency range were obtained in stress-annealed Fe-rich microwires. Irregular magnetic field dependence observed for some stress-annealing conditions is attributed to the contribution of both the inner axially magnetized core and outer shell, with transverse magnetic anisotropy.Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 981 2 of 11 with respect to the varying of external stimuli, such as magnetic field, mechanical load and heat [30][31][32]. Consequently, metamaterials incorporating arrays of magnetic wires in fiber-reinforced polymer composites are potentially suitable for engineering of electromagnetic functionalities and stress/temperature monitoring.Industrial applications based on the GMI effect demand a size reduction of the magnetic element [16,17]. Therefore, the development of thin wires exhibiting GMI effect has become a topic of intensive research [4,5,[11][12][13][14][15]. Among different preparation techniques of magnetic wires, the so-called Taylor-Ulitovsky method allows for the thinnest wires' fabrication and reduced dimensions [11][12][13][14][15][16][31][32][33]. In order to observe the GMI effect in thin wires, the skin depth should be lower than the radius of the wire. As such, a decrease in diameter should be associated with an increase in the frequency range for observation of the GMI effect [34,35]. Besides these technical features, the overall cost should be also considered for applications (e.g., smart composites with wire inclusions) where substantial amounts of wires are required.Excellent soft magnetic properties with enhanced GMI effects are usually reported for as-prepared Co-rich [11][12][13][14][15] and nanocrystalline Fe-rich magnetic microwires [36,37]. The latter are often accompanied with an inherent brittleness of samples over the course of the nanocrystallization process, and therefore alternative stress-annealing approaches have been proposed, to enhance the GMI effect retaining the amorphous structure [38,39]. Stress-annealing can be performed in a temperature range well below the crystallization onset. In addition, the degree of stress-induced anisotropy can be selectively tuned through optimal annealing temperature, time and/or different values of applied stresses. Thus, this contribution aims at providing comparative studies on the effect of stress-induced anisotropy on magnetic softness and GMI effect in Fe-and Co-rich magnetic microwires.

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Tailoring of Magnetic Softness and Magnetoimpedance of Co‐Rich Microwires by Stress Annealing

Zhukov

González-Legarreta

Ipatov

et al. 2021

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Herein, detailed studies on the influence of stress annealing on the magnetic softness and giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) ratio of Co69.2Fe3.6Ni1B12.5Si11Mo1.5C1.2 glass‐coated microwires are provided. As‐prepared microwire presents linear hysteresis loops, moderate GMI ratio with double‐peak magnetic field dependence and low coercivity (4 A m−1), typically observed for wires with transverse magnetic anisotropy. However, after conventional annealing magnetic hardening and transformation of linear hysteresis loop into rectangular with coercivity about 90 A m−1 is surprisingly observed. It is shown that stress annealing allows preventing magnetic hardening and remarkably improving GMI ratio. Properly stress‐annealed samples present better magnetic softness: almost unhysteretic loops with coercivity about 2 A m−1 and magnetic anisotropy field about 35 A m−1. Observed stress‐annealing‐induced anisotropy is affected by the tensile stresses, applied during annealing and by the annealing temperature. From the frequency dependence of the maximum GMI ratio, the optimum frequency ranges for as‐prepared and stress‐annealed samples are determined. The observed stress‐annealing‐induced magnetic anisotropy and associated changes in magnetic properties and GMI effect are discussed in terms of internal stresses relaxation and related modification of the magnetostriction coefficient, “back stresses,” structural anisotropy, redistribution of internal stresses, and change of spatial distribution of magnetic anisotropy.

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Giant magnetoimpedance in rapidly quenched materials

Cited by 77 publications

References 91 publications

Optimization of magnetic properties and GMI effect of Thin Co-rich Microwires for GMI Microsensors

Optimization of magnetic properties and GMI effect of Thin Co-rich Microwires for GMI Microsensors

Stress-Induced Magnetic Anisotropy Enabling Engineering of Magnetic Softness and GMI Effect of Amorphous Microwires

Tailoring of Magnetic Softness and Magnetoimpedance of Co‐Rich Microwires by Stress Annealing

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