Giant Magnetoresistance Sensors: A Review on Structures and Non-Destructive Eddy Current Testing Applications

Rifai, Damhuji; Abdalla, Ahmed N.; Ali, Khaleda; Razali, Ramdan

doi:10.3390/s16030298

Cited by 90 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Rifai [4] asserted that a GMR sensor has two or more ferromagnetic thin films separated by thin non-magnetic conducting layers. The resistance can be cut down by up to 20% compared to that of a conventional anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) materials when the GMR sensor is exposed to a magnetic field.…”

Section: Design and Operational Principles Of The Dsect Probementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coil sensors are fundamentally limited by their poor sensitivity at low frequencies. Regrettably, the examination of thick samples and subsurface defects require sensitivity at low frequency [4]. This limitation suggests that conventional eddy current testing probes are reaching their development limits and that new sensors are needed to push back the present boundaries of flaw detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Eddy Current Testing Platform System for Pipe Defect Inspection Based on an Optimized Eddy Current Technique Probe Design

Rifai

Abdalla

Razali

et al. 2017

Sensors

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The use of the eddy current technique (ECT) for the non-destructive testing of conducting materials has become increasingly important in the past few years. The use of the non-destructive ECT plays a key role in the ensuring the safety and integrity of the large industrial structures such as oil and gas pipelines. This paper introduce a novel ECT probe design integrated with the distributed ECT inspection system (DSECT) use for crack inspection on inner ferromagnetic pipes. The system consists of an array of giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensors, a pneumatic system, a rotating magnetic field excitation source and a host PC acting as the data analysis center. Probe design parameters, namely probe diameter, an excitation coil and the number of GMR sensors in the array sensor is optimized using numerical optimization based on the desirability approach. The main benefits of DSECT can be seen in terms of its modularity and flexibility for the use of different types of magnetic transducers/sensors, and signals of a different nature with either digital or analog outputs, making it suited for the ECT probe design using an array of GMR magnetic sensors. A real-time application of the DSECT distributed system for ECT inspection can be exploited for the inspection of 70 mm carbon steel pipe. In order to predict the axial and circumference defect detection, a mathematical model is developed based on the technique known as response surface methodology (RSM). The inspection results of a carbon steel pipe sample with artificial defects indicate that the system design is highly efficient.

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Section: Design and Operational Principles Of The Dsect Probementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eddy Current Testing Platform System for Pipe Defect Inspection Based on an Optimized Eddy Current Technique Probe Design

Rifai

Abdalla

Razali

et al. 2017

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…Therefore, it is of importance to develop the defect detection method for pipeline structures by using an effective way such as the PZT-based guided waves. The typical defects of pipeline structures are shown in Figure 1 [18,19]. …”

Section: Typical Defects Of Pipeline Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural-Fuzzy model Based Steel Pipeline Multiple Cracks Classification

Elwalwal

Mahzan

Abdalla

2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. While pipes are cheaper than other means of transportation, this cost saving comes with a major price: pipes are subject to cracks, corrosion etc., which in turn can cause leakage and environmental damage. In this paper, Neural-Fuzzy model for multiple cracks classification based on Lamb Guide Wave. Simulation results for 42 sample were collected using ANSYS software. The current research object to carry on the numerical simulation and experimental study, aiming at finding an effective way to detection and the localization of cracks and holes defects in the main body of pipeline. Considering the damage form of multiple cracks and holes which may exist in pipeline, to determine the respective position in the steel pipe. In addition, the technique used in this research a guided lamb wave based structural health monitoring method whereas piezoelectric transducers will use as exciting and receiving sensors by Pitch-Catch method. Implementation of simple learning mechanism has been developed specially for the ANN for fuzzy the system represented.

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“…The probe consists of one tangential rectangular excitation coil and a GMR detector. The probe can work at frequencies below 1 kHz, and thereby, can detect deeper flaws from the surface of the test piece [18][19][20]. A similar type, using a tunnel magnetoresistance sensor, with a rotating UEC orientation, was able to detect flaws in carbon fiber reinforced polymers with variation in orientation and length of the flaws [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaw Detection in Aluminum Plates Using a Rotating Uniform Eddy Current Probe with Two Pairs of Excitation Coils

Repelianto

Kasai

Sekino³

et al. 2019

Metals

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The use of eddy currents for detecting flaws in specimens is of considerable significance in the industrial sector. In this study, a new design of a rotating uniform eddy current (UEC) probe, termed the rotating butterfly probe, is presented. The probe consists of two pairs of excitation coils arranged perpendicular to each other, positioned in two layers, and in a detection coil. The excitation and detection coils were installed the pancake orientation, which provides larger induction and enhances the sensitivity of flaws detection. In addition, to generate a rotating UEC distribution with same amplitude in all directions, the number of turns between first and second layers of the excitation coils and the amplitude of excitation current were arranged. Finite element simulations were conducted to confirm that rotating UEC distribution has the same amplitude in all directions. The experiment with the rotating butterfly probe was then conducted. In the experiment, the measured results with the probe was indicated the self-differential and self-nulling properties. Moreover, the probe was successful in detecting flaws in all directions on an aluminum plate. This attribute can be used for the effective inspection of test pieces.

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Giant Magnetoresistance Sensors: A Review on Structures and Non-Destructive Eddy Current Testing Applications

Cited by 90 publications

References 109 publications

An Eddy Current Testing Platform System for Pipe Defect Inspection Based on an Optimized Eddy Current Technique Probe Design

An Eddy Current Testing Platform System for Pipe Defect Inspection Based on an Optimized Eddy Current Technique Probe Design

Neural-Fuzzy model Based Steel Pipeline Multiple Cracks Classification

Flaw Detection in Aluminum Plates Using a Rotating Uniform Eddy Current Probe with Two Pairs of Excitation Coils

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