Giant tubeworms

Bright, Monika; Klose, Julia; Nussbaumer, Andrea D.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.039

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The CBB cycle in the symbionts and the large sulfur bacteria is potentially more energy efficient than the classical version of the CBB cycle based on the replacement of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with a pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme (12, 13, 15, 16). In addition, it is likely that the interplay between the CBB and rTCA cycle under fluctuating redox conditions contributes to the high efficiency of carbon fixation in tubeworm symbioses (6, 7, 17) and consequently to the extremely high growth rates of tubeworms, which grow faster than any other known invertebrate (18).…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Evidence for Two Carbon Fixation Pathways (the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle and the Reverse Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle) in Symbiotic and Free-Living Bacteria

Rubin‐Blum

Dubilier

Kleiner

2019

mSphere

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Primary production on Earth is dependent on autotrophic carbon fixation, which leads to the incorporation of carbon dioxide into biomass. Multiple metabolic pathways have been described for autotrophic carbon fixation, but most autotrophic organisms were assumed to have the genes for only one of these pathways. Our finding of a cultivable bacterium with two carbon fixation pathways in its genome, the rTCA and the CBB cycle, opens the possibility to study the potential benefits of having these two pathways and the interplay between them. Additionally, this will allow the investigation of the unusual and potentially very efficient mechanism of electron flow that could drive the rTCA cycle in these autotrophs. Such studies will deepen our understanding of carbon fixation pathways and could provide new avenues for optimizing carbon fixation in biotechnological applications.

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Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Evidence for Two Carbon Fixation Pathways (the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle and the Reverse Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle) in Symbiotic and Free-Living Bacteria

Rubin‐Blum

Dubilier

Kleiner

2019

mSphere

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“…Siboglinidae is a group of annelids including Frenulata, Vestimentifera and Sclerolinum (the latter two referred to here as Monilifera, see Rouse 2001 [ 1 ]) that can be found at deep-sea reduced environments such as hydrothermal vents and cold-water sulfide/hydrocarbon seeps [ 2 – 4 ]. One of the most recently named Siboglinidae genera is Osedax, described from vertebrate bones [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural reconstruction of bone-eating Osedax spp. (Annelida) and evolution of the siboglinid nervous system

2016

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BackgroundBone-devouring Osedax worms were described over a decade ago from deep-sea whale falls. The gutless females (and in one species also the males) have a unique root system that penetrates the bone and nourishes them via endosymbiotic bacteria. Emerging from the bone is a cylindrical trunk, which is enclosed in a transparent tube, that generally gives rise to a plume of four palps (or tentacles). In most Osedax species, dwarf males gather in harems along the female’s trunk and the nervous system of these microscopic forms has been described in detail. Here, the nervous system of bone-eating Osedax forms are described for the first time, allowing for hypotheses on how the abberant ventral brain and nervous system of Siboglinidae may have evolved from a ganglionated nervous system with a dorsal brain, as seen in most extant annelids.ResultsThe intraepidermal nervous systems of four female Osedax spp. and the bone-eating O. priapus male were reconstructed in detail by a combination of immunocytochemistry, CLSM, histology and TEM. They all showed a simple nervous system composed of an anterior ventral brain, connected with anteriorly directed paired palp and gonoduct nerves, and four main pairs of posteriorly directed longitudinal nerves (2 ventral, 2 ventrolateral, 2 sets of dorso-lateral, 2 dorsal). Transverse peripheral nerves surround the trunk, ovisac and root system. The nervous system of Osedax resembles that of other siboglinids, though possibly presenting additional lateral and dorsal longitudinal nerves. It differs from most Sedentaria in the presence of an intraepidermal ventral brain, rather than a subepidermal dorsal brain, and by having an intraepidermal nerve cord with several plexi and up to three main commissures along the elongated trunk, which may comprise two indistinct segments.ConclusionsOsedax shows closer neuroarchitectural resemblance to Vestimentifera + Sclerolinum (= Monilifera) than to Frenulata. The intraepidermal nervous system with widely separated nerve cords, double brain commissures, double palp nerves and other traits found in Osedax can all be traced to represent ancestral states of Siboglinidae. A broader comparison of the nervous system and body regions across Osedax and other siboglinids allows for a reinterpretation of the anterior body region in the group.

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“…Vestimentiferan tubeworms (Tws) belong to the polychaete family Siboglinidae and are commonly found at reducing habitats such as hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. All vestimentiferans lack a digestive tract and rely on symbiotic bacteria for their nutrition (reviewed by Nelson and Fisher, 2000;Bright et al, 2013). The symbionts are hosted intracellularly in an organ called the trophosome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual symbiosis with co‐occurring sulfur‐oxidizing symbionts in vestimentiferan tubeworms from a Mediterranean hydrothermal vent

Zimmermann

Lott

Weber

et al. 2014

Environmental Microbiology

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Vestimentiferan Tws colonize hydrothermal vents and cold seeps worldwide. They lack a digestive system and gain nutrition from endosymbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. It is currently assumed that vestimentiferan Tws harbour only a single endosymbiont type. A few studies found indications for additional symbionts, but conclusive evidence for a multiple symbiosis is still missing. We investigated Tws from Marsili Seamount, a hydrothermal vent in the Mediterranean Sea. Molecular and morphological analyses identified the Tws as Lamellibrachia anaximandri. 16S ribosomal RNA clone libraries revealed two distinct gammaproteobacterial phylotypes that were closely related to sequences from other Lamellibrachia symbionts. Catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific probes showed that these sequences are from two distinct symbionts. We also found two variants of key genes for sulfur oxidation and carbon fixation, suggesting that both symbiont types are autotrophic sulfur oxidizers. Our results therefore show that vestimentiferans can host multiple co-occurring symbiont types. Statistical analyses of vestimentiferan symbiont diversity revealed that host genus, habitat type, water depth and geographic region together accounted for 27% of genetic diversity, but only water depth had a significant effect on its own. Phylogenetic analyses showed a clear grouping of sequences according to depth, thus confirming the important role water depth played in shaping vestimentiferan symbiont diversity.

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Giant tubeworms

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Genetic Evidence for Two Carbon Fixation Pathways (the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle and the Reverse Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle) in Symbiotic and Free-Living Bacteria

Genetic Evidence for Two Carbon Fixation Pathways (the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle and the Reverse Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle) in Symbiotic and Free-Living Bacteria

Neural reconstruction of bone-eating Osedax spp. (Annelida) and evolution of the siboglinid nervous system

Dual symbiosis with co‐occurring sulfur‐oxidizing symbionts in vestimentiferan tubeworms from a Mediterranean hydrothermal vent

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