Giant tufas of Lake Van record lake-level fluctuations and climatic changes in eastern Anatolia,Turkey

Climatic and tectonic effects on the origin and evolution of the Dereiçi travertines (the Başkale Basin, Eastern Türkiye), and neotectonic implications

“…6; e.g., Litt et al, 2014). More over, by cor re lat ing the Edremit trav er tine and tufas with the cli mate re cord, Yeºilova et al (2019Yeºilova et al ( , 2021 sug gested that these oc cur rences were af fected by cli mate, but not con trolled by it. In the re sults ob tained in this study, the oc cur rence times of both trav er tine and palaeosol are more com pat i ble with cli mate in flu ence (Fig.…”

“…Dur ing gla cial pe ri ods, these ar eas would have been cov ered by thick gla ciers (Akçar and Schlüchter, 2005). Dur ing gla cial times, trav er tine oc cur rence will ter mi nate be cause per ma frost will pre vent re charge of the aqui fer (Yeºilova et al, 2019). However, trav er tine for ma tion would con tinue anew in the tem per ate cli mate of inter gla cial pe ri ods (Yeºilova et al, 2019).…”

“…Travertines are formed by the de po si tion and ac cu mu la tion of cal cium car bon ate along a fault line, where ground wa ter rich in cal cium and bi car bon ate co mes to the sur face (Pedley, 1990;Ford and Pedley, 1996;Guo and Rid ing, 1998;Pen te cost, 2005;Gandin and Capezuoli, 2008). Be cause of these features, travertines are mostly found in geo ther mal fields (Muir-Wood, 1993;Chafetz and Folk, 1984;Sibson et al, 1975;Altunel and Han cock, 1993a, b;Griffiths and Pedley, 1995;Pen te cost, 1995Pen te cost, , 2005Guo and Rid ing, 1998;Özkul et al, 2002;Piper et al, 2007;Faccenna et al, 2008;Mesci et al, 2008) and fol low the frac ture sys tem (Altunel and Han cock, 1993b;Guo and Rid ing, 1998;Fouke et al, 2000;Pen te cost, 2005;Veysey et al, 2008;Guido et al, 2010;Guido and Camp -bell, 2011;Yeºilova et al, 2019Yeºilova et al, , 2021. Many pa ram e ters, the most im por tant of which is palaeomorphology, af fect the de velop ment and mor phol ogy of travertines (Ordonez et al, 1986;Pen te cost, 1995;Guo and Rid ing, 1998), such as tec ton ics (Altunel and Han cock, 1993b;Guo and Rid ing, 1998;Fouke et al, 2000;Pen te cost, 2005;Capezzuoli, 2009, 2014) and cli mate (Pedley, 1990;An drews, 2006;Toker et al, 2015;Toker, 2017;…”

Microbialites on the northern shelf of Lake Van, eastern Türkiye#: Morphology, texture, stable isotope geochemistry and age

“…Microbialites (and their ancient analogues, stromatolites) are hypothesized to form under favourable environmental conditions and, hence, can be used as proxies for palaeoclimatic and physicochemical conditions, such as lake levels and carbonate saturation state (e.g. Awramik & Buchheim, 2015; Yeşilova et al ., 2019; Ingalls et al ., 2022). Recently, Ca and Mg/Ca carbonate‐rich microbialites from soda lakes such as lakes Van and Salda in Turkey have been compared with similar deposits from Mars; hence their being interpreted in the context of Martian life evolution (López‐García et al ., 2005; Michalski et al ., 2017; Salvatore et al ., 2018; Balci et al ., 2020).…”

“…transgressions versus regressions). Some studies report the importance of lacustrine regression for the development of tufa chimneys (for example, Eocene Green River Formation; Ingalls et al ., 2022), whereas others favour the transgressions and high lake levels (for example, Lake Van: Yeşilova et al ., 2019; Green River Formation: Awramik & Buchheim, 2015; Mono Lake: Keevil et al ., 2022). Similarly, some models of tufa chimney growth in alkaline lakes are biased towards assuming a prevalence of abiotic processes (for example, Mono Lake: Council & Bennett, 1993; Afar Rift: Dekov et al ., 2014), while others stress the importance of biotic processes (e.g.…”