Giardia in a selected population of dogs and cats in Germany – diagnostics, coinfections and assemblages

Sommer, Marie Franziska; Rupp, Philip; Pietsch, Michael; Kaspar, A.; Beelitz, P.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.11.006

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The Giardia positivity rates in dogs in our study was in the upper range of results reported in other German studies using similar methods where prevalence rates of 2%-30% (dogs) and 1%-25% (cats) were described (Barutzki & Schaper, 2011;Becker et al, 2012;Pallant, Barutzki, Schaper, & Thompson, 2015;Sommer, Rupp, Pietsch, Kaspar, & Beelitz, 2018). For humans, no cross-sectional study in Germany exists but the Giardia positivity rate of approximately 4% reported in our study is in good concordance with expected values (Caccio & Sprong, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…For the initial screening of animal samples, a copro‐antigen ELISA was used and it is known that the concentration of the excreted antigen does not correlate with the numbers of cysts in the sample (Rosoff et al, ). This was previously confirmed by a German study where only 90.4% of the ELISA‐positive‐tested canine and 76.9% feline samples showed cysts by IFA (Sommer et al, ). Additionally, low cyst numbers are typically seen in dogs (Adams, Monis, Elliot, & Thompson, ; Tangtrongsup & Scorza, ) and contribute to the fact that Giardia samples from dogs are particularly difficult to type (Caccio & Ryan, ; Palmer et al, ; Read et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…For the initial screening of animal samples, a copro-antigen ELISA was used and it is known that the concentration of the excreted antigen does not correlate with the numbers of cysts in the sample (Rosoff et al, 1989). This was previously confirmed by a German study where only 90.4% of the ELISA-positive-tested canine and 76.9% feline samples showed cysts by IFA (Sommer et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Rehbein

Klotz

Ignatius

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Giardia duodenalis is a relevant gastrointestinal protozoan pathogen of humans and animals. This species complex consists of eight genetically different assemblages. Assemblages A and B are pathogenic to humans and pets, thus confer zoonotic potential. The risk of zoonotic transmission has been controversially discussed. The aim of this monocentric cross‐sectional pilot study was to investigate G. duodenalis assemblages in humans and pets living in common households in Berlin/Brandenburg (Germany). Samples from dogs, cats and humans sharing the same households were screened for Giardia infection by antigen‐detecting assays. All human samples were additionally analysed by a Giardia‐specific qPCR. Cyst quantification and sequences of different gene loci (triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), β‐giardin (bg) and for dogs SSUrDNA) were analysed. A total of 38 households (31 households with dogs and seven with cats) with 69 human individuals participated in the study. Initial antigen‐detecting assays revealed Giardia‐positive results for 13 (39%) canine, one (14%) feline and one human sample. Reanalysis of the human samples by qPCR revealed two more positive specimens (4%). Two of these three samples were identified as assemblage B at all tested loci. Success rate of assemblage typing for pet samples was generally low and comprised mainly the SSUrDNA locus only. Overall, six of 13 Giardia‐positive canine samples were typable (2× A, 1× co‐infection: A and B, 1× C; 2× D). One pair of samples (dog and human) from the same household had a similar but not identical assemblage B sequence at tpi locus. Assemblage A was also detected in the dog specimen, which hampered sequence analysis. In conclusion, although exhibiting limitations due to the sample size, our study highlights the need for better and standardized typing tools to distinguish G. duodenalis strains with higher resolution in order to perform proper case–control studies for a realistic estimation of zoonotic risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Rehbein

Klotz

Ignatius

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Based on genetic analysis, G. duodenalis is considered as a species complex, which includes at least eight distinct genetic groups or assemblages, from A to H (Ryan and Cacciò, 2013). Zoonotic assemblages A and B and canine-specific assemblages C and D have been reported in dogs (Ballweber et al, 2010;Ryan and Cacciò, 2013;Sommer et al, 2018). The prevalence of G. duodenalis infection in dogs may vary depending on the population examined and the diagnostic method used (Ballweber et al, 2010;Epe et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<I>Giardia duodenalis</I> infection in dogs affected by primary chronic enteropathy

Perrucci¹,

Berrilli²,

Procopio³

et al. 2020

Open Vet J.

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Background: Canine primary chronic enteropathy (CE) includes a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by chronic gastrointestinal signs.Aim: This study evaluated the occurrence of Giardia duodenalis infection in primary CE-affected dogs.Methods: Forty-seven CE-affected dogs of different age and sex were enrolled in the study. For each dog, frequency of defecation, fecal consistency, and eventual fecal abnormalities were evaluated. A clinical scoring index of CE severity (clinical chronic enteropathy activity index) was also assessed, and the type of enteropathy was retrospectively classified. For parasitological analysis, fresh fecal samples collected from each dog were examined by fresh and Lugol stained smears, flotation test, and a rapid immunoassay. Giardia duodenalis genotypes were identified by molecularanalysis. Differences of clinical parameters between G. duodenalis positive and G. duodenalis negative dogs were statistically evaluated.Results: Among the CE canine patients, 16 out of 47 (34%) dogs were found positive for G. duodenalis and assemblages C and D were identified. No statistical differences emerged according to the types of CE between G. duodenalispositive and G. duodenalis-negative dog groups. The clinical index of CE severity was indicative of significant less severe clinical forms in G. duodenalis-positive dogs (p = 0.037).Conclusion: Results here obtained shows how G. duodenalis may be present in primary CE-affected dogs and further investigations are needed to clarify the real significance of mild clinical presentation in G. duodenalis-positive dogs affected by CE. Keywords: Canine, Clinical forms, Genotypes, Giardiasis, Primary chronic enteropathy.

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“…In adult dogs, cysts are usually excreted in the faeces asymptomatically. German research study has shown that dogs predominantly host speci c Giardia assemblages C and D, but zoonotic assemblage A has also been proved in dogs [10]. Con rmed transmission of speci c assemblage C from dog to human pointed out to the immunode ciency in patients as an important risk factor [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Lungworms in Dogs and Assessment of Antiparasitic Drugs use Patterns

Vernerová¹,

Dvorakova²,

Svobodová³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Endoparasites of the canine gastrointestinal and respiratory tract represent a wide range of protozoans and helminths. They are causative agents of different serious diseases of animals and many of them also pose zoonotic risks to human health. The education of dog owners and their families with the principles of human and animal health protection may especially prevent the spread of zoonoses such giardiosis, toxocarosis, echinococcosis and Taenia crassiceps infection. Pulmonary nematods are not zoonotic but they can cause serious and potentially fatal disease in dogs.MethodsThree hundred ninety-one samples of canine faeces and 398 completed questionnaires were collected. The questionnaires comprised of description of individual dogs and detailed data about the way the dogs were kept and their deworming. Samples were examined by flotation, larvoscopy by Baermann and PCR method.ResultsWe confirmed infection of Giardia spp., Isospora ohioensis, Neospora caninum/Hammondia heydorni, Ancylostoma spp., Angiostrongylus vasorum, Capillaria spp., Crenosoma vulpis, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris spp. and Taenia spp. Sequences were obtained for 3 of them confirming T. crassiceps. No deworming treatment was recorded for insignificant number of dogs. Dog owners most often used multicomponent endoparasitics.ConclusionsMost of the dogs were dewormed irregularly and antiparasitics were administered namely twice a year, so monthly intervals were not performed in the group of dogs at risk for e.g. possibility of predation. Consumption of antiparasitic drugs cannot ensure the protection of dogs, their owners and other people, unless not applied purposefully, with appropriate knowledge and on the basis of the veterinarian's advice.

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Giardia in a selected population of dogs and cats in Germany – diagnostics, coinfections and assemblages

Cited by 43 publications

References 61 publications

Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

<I>Giardia duodenalis</I> infection in dogs affected by primary chronic enteropathy

Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Lungworms in Dogs and Assessment of Antiparasitic Drugs use Patterns

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