Giardia lamblia : Identification of peroxisomal-like proteins

Acosta-Virgen, Karla; Chávez‐Munguía, Bibiana; Talamás‐Lara, Daniel; Lagunes-Guillén, Anel; Martínez-Higuera, Aarón; Lazcano, Antonio; Martı́nez-Palomo, Adolfo; Espinosa‐Cantellano, Martha

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2018.06.006

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In other eukaryotes with anaerobic forms of mitochondria, peroxisomes are believed to be absent (15,16). Two proteins (ACS and Pex-4) were recently suggested to represent putative peroxisomal remnants in Giardia intestinalis, but their significance needs to be clarified (39). In addition to anaerobes, the absence of peroxisomes was noted in parasitic organisms with unconventional mitochondria such as Plasmodium falciparum and related species of the Aconoidasida group that live in aerobic niches (40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic peroxisomes in Mastigamoeba balamuthi

Lê

Žárský

Nývltová

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The adaptation of eukaryotic cells to anaerobic conditions is reflected by substantial changes to mitochondrial metabolism and functional reduction. Hydrogenosomes belong among the most modified mitochondrial derivative and generate molecular hydrogen concomitant with ATP synthesis. The reduction of mitochondria is frequently associated with loss of peroxisomes, which compartmentalize pathways that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus protect against cellular damage. The biogenesis and function of peroxisomes are tightly coupled with mitochondria. These organelles share fission machinery components, oxidative metabolism pathways, ROS scavenging activities, and some metabolites. The loss of peroxisomes in eukaryotes with reduced mitochondria is thus not unexpected. Surprisingly, we identified peroxisomes in the anaerobic, hydrogenosome-bearing protist Mastigamoeba balamuthi. We found a conserved set of peroxin (Pex) proteins that are required for protein import, peroxisomal growth, and division. Key membrane-associated Pexs (MbPex3, MbPex11, and MbPex14) were visualized in numerous vesicles distinct from hydrogenosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi complex. Proteomic analysis of cellular fractions and prediction of peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS1/PTS2) identified 51 putative peroxisomal matrix proteins. Expression of selected proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed specific targeting to peroxisomes. The matrix proteins identified included components of acyl-CoA and carbohydrate metabolism and pyrimidine and CoA biosynthesis, whereas no components related to either β-oxidation or catalase were present. In conclusion, we identified a subclass of peroxisomes, named “anaerobic” peroxisomes that shift the current paradigm and turn attention to the reductive evolution of peroxisomes in anaerobic organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic peroxisomes in Mastigamoeba balamuthi

Lê

Žárský

Nývltová

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Recently, Acosta-Virgen et al . (2018) suggested, using several approaches, the presence of peroxisomes. The absence of a typical Golgi complex and a canonical lysosome is a matter of discussion (Kattenbach et al ., 1991; Tai et al ., 1993; Lanfredi-Rangel et al ., 1998, 1999; Wampfler et al ., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia intestinalis can interact, change its shape and internalize large particles and microorganisms

Benchimol

2020

Parasitology

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Giardia intestinalis is a parasitic protozoan that inhabits its vertebrate hosts' upper small intestine and is the most common cause of waterborne diarrhoea worldwide. Giardia trophozoites present few organelles, and among them, they possess peripheral vesicles (PVs), which are considered an endosomal–lysosomal system. All experimental procedures carried out until now indicate that Giardia ingests macromolecules by fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytic pathways. Still, there is no description concerning the interaction and ingestion of large materials. Here, we tested Giardia's capacity to interact with large particles; once, in vivo, it inhabits an environment with a microbiota. We tested protozoan interaction with yeasts, bacteria, latex beads, ferritin and albumin, in different times of interaction and used several microscopy techniques (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) to follow their fate. Giardia interacted with all of the materials we tested. Projections of the plasma membrane similar to pseudopods were seen. As albumin, small markers were found in the PVs while the larger materials were not seen there. Large vacuoles containing large latex beads were detected intracellularly. Thus, we observed that: (1) Giardia interacts with large materials; (2) Giardia can display an amoeboid shape and exhibit membrane projections when in contact with microorganisms and large inorganic materials; (3) the region of the exit of the ventral flagella is very active when in contact with large materials, although all cell surface also present activity in the interactions; (4) intracellular vacuoles, which are not the PVs, present ingested large beads.

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“…Furthermore, reports on immuno-EM detection of peroxisome-like proteins in Giardia highlighted the presence of small dense vesicles with diameters of circa. 100 nm (Acosta-Virgen et al 2018) . Taken together, while we favour the hypothesis of SVs being secretory trafficking vesicles considering their apparent coating, the possibility of SVs corresponding to cryptic peroxisome-like organelles cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined nanometric and phylogenetic analysis of unique endocytic compartments in Giardia lamblia sheds light on the evolution of endocytosis in Fornicata

Santos

Ástvaldsson

Pipaliya

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Giardia lamblia, a parasitic protist of the metamonada supergroup, has evolved one of the most diverged endocytic compartment systems investigated so far. Peripheral endocytic compartments, currently known as peripheral vesicles or vacuoles (PVs), perform bulk uptake of fluid phase material which is then digested and sorted either to the cell cytosol or back to the extracellular space. Here, we present a quantitative morphological characterization of these organelles using volumetric electron microscopy and super-resolution microscopy (SRM). We defined a morphological classification for the heterogenous population of PVs and performed a comparative analysis of PVs and endosome-like organelles in representatives of phylogenetically-related taxa, Spironucleus spp. and Tritrichomonas foetus. To investigate the as-yet insufficiently understood connection between PVs and clathrin assemblies in G. lamblia, we further performed an in-depth search for two key elements of the endocytic machinery, clathrin heavy chain (CHC) and clathrin light chain (CLC) across different lineages in Metamonada. Our data point to the loss of a bona fide CLC in the last Fornicata common ancestor (LFCA) with the emergence of a protein analogous to CLC (GlACLC) in the Giardia genus. Taken together, this provides the first comprehensive nanometric view of the Giardia endocytic system architecture and sheds light on the evolution of GLACLC analogues in the Fornicata supergroup and, specific to Giardia, as a possible adaptation to the formation and maintenance of stable clathrin assemblies at PVs.

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Giardia lamblia : Identification of peroxisomal-like proteins

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Anaerobic peroxisomes in Mastigamoeba balamuthi

Anaerobic peroxisomes in Mastigamoeba balamuthi

Giardia intestinalis can interact, change its shape and internalize large particles and microorganisms

Combined nanometric and phylogenetic analysis of unique endocytic compartments in Giardia lamblia sheds light on the evolution of endocytosis in Fornicata

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