Gibberellin and temperature influence carbohydrate content and flowering in Phalaenopsis

Chen, Wen-Shaw; Liu, Ho-Yih; Liu, Zin-Huang; Yang, Leuan; Chen, Wen-Huei

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.900222.x

Cited by 32 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Phalaenopsis orchids are epiphytic plants that show crassulacean acid metabolism and are widely cultivated worldwide (Endo and Ikusima, 1989;Guo and Lee, 2006). Researchers have been attempting to reveal how environmental conditions, such as temperature, regulate flowering (Sakanishi et al, 1980;Chen et al, 1994Chen et al, , 2008 in order to achieve stable yearround flower production. They found that the average daily temperatures of 25°-30°C were required to promote leaf development and inhibit flower initiation during greenhouse production (Sakanishi et al, 1980;Chen et al, 1994), and that fluctuating warm day (28°C) and cool night (20°C) conditions significantly induced the formation of spikes in Phalaenopsis plants (Chen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have been attempting to reveal how environmental conditions, such as temperature, regulate flowering (Sakanishi et al, 1980;Chen et al, 1994Chen et al, , 2008 in order to achieve stable yearround flower production. They found that the average daily temperatures of 25°-30°C were required to promote leaf development and inhibit flower initiation during greenhouse production (Sakanishi et al, 1980;Chen et al, 1994), and that fluctuating warm day (28°C) and cool night (20°C) conditions significantly induced the formation of spikes in Phalaenopsis plants (Chen et al, 2008). Furthermore, the effects of warm day and cool night conditions on the photosynthetic efficiency, metabolic pools, and physiology of Phalaenopsis plants have been studied (Chen et al, 2008;Pollet et al, 2011a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a Flowering locus T homolog gene from a Phalaenopsis orchid

Dm¹,

Fb²,

Gf³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Warm day and cool night conditions significantly induce reproductive spike formation in Phalaenopsis plants; hence, determining the flowering mechanism regulating the reproductive transition is important. Flowering locus T (FT) plays important roles in flowering induction in several plants. To explore spike induction by warm days and cool nights in Phalaenopsis orchids, we isolated the FT (PhFT) from Phalaenopsis hybrid Fortune Saltzman. The cDNA of PhFT was 809-bp long and contained a 531-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 176 amino acids, a 58-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), and a 220-bp 3'-UTR. The predicted molecular mass of PhFT was 19.80 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 8.68. The PhFT was predicted to possess the conserved functional regions of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein superfamily. Nucleotide sequence data indicated that PhFT contained 3 introns and 4 exons. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of PhFT revealed high homology to the FT proteins of Cymbidium goeringii and Oncidium Gower Ramsey. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that PhFT mRNA Functional characterization of a PhFT gene was expressed in roots, apical leaves, mature leaves, and flowers. In flowers, PhFT was expressed more in developing floral buds than in mature flowers and was predominantly expressed in ovaries and petals. Ectopic expression of PhFT in Arabidopsis ft-1 mutants showed novel early-flowering phenotypes that lost their siliques. Our results indicated that the ectopic expression of PhFT could partially complement the late flowering defect in transgenic Arabidopsis ft-1 mutants. Our findings suggest that PhFT is a putative FT homolog in Phalaenopsis plants that regulates flowering transition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a Flowering locus T homolog gene from a Phalaenopsis orchid

Dm¹,

Fb²,

Gf³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Their juvenile phase lasts up to 36 months from seeding for many commercial Phalaenopsis hybrids (Hew and Yong, 1997), which makes it difficult to meet specific market dates. Several studies on the regulation of flowering in Phalaenopsis orchids are mainly concern the effects of temperature and photoperiod (Chen et al, 1994(Chen et al, , 2008Sakanishi et al, 1980;Wang, 1995). Moreover, compared with photoperiod, temperature is a more important environmental factor for inducing spikes in Phalaenopsis orchids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For commercial production, Phalaenopsis hybrids are always treated with low temperatures in temperature-controlled greenhouses or cultivated in naturally cool environments such as in high mountains to accelerate floral transition. During greenhouse production, the recommended average daily temperatures of 25°-30°C are maintained to promote leaf development and inhibit flower initiation (Chen et al, 1994;Sakanishi et al, 1980). Conversely, fluctuating warm day (28°C) and cool night (20°C) conditions significantly induces the formation of spikes of Phalaenopsis plants (Chen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of warm day and cool night conditions induced flowering-related genes in a Phalaenopsis orchid hybrid by suppression subtractive hybridization

Zhu

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The influence of warm day and cool night conditions on induction of spikes in Phalaenopsis orchids has been studied with respect to photosynthetic efficiency, metabolic cycles and physiology. However, molecular events involved in spike emergence induced by warm day and cool night conditions are not clearly understood. We examined gene expression induced by warm day and cool night conditions in the Phalaenopsis hybrid Fortune Saltzman through suppression subtractive hybridization, which allowed identification of flowering-related genes in warm day and cool night conditions in spikes and leaves at vegetative phase grown under warm daily temperatures. In total, 450 presumably regulated expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified and classified into functional categories, including metabolism, development, transcription factor, signal transduction, transportation, cell defense, and stress. Furthermore, database comparisons revealed a notable number of Phalaenopsis hybrid Fortune Saltzman ESTs that matched genes with unknown function. The expression profiles of 24 genes (from different functional categories) have been confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR in induced spikes and juvenile apical leaves. The results of the real-time PCR showed that, compared to the vegetative apical leaves, the transcripts of genes encoding flowering locus T, AP1, AP2, KNOX1, knotted1-like homeobox protein, R2R3-like MYB, adenosine kinase 2, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and naringenin 3-dioxygenase accumulated significantly higher levels, and genes encoding FCA, retrotransposon protein Ty3 and C3HC4-type RING finger protein accumulated remarkably lower levels in spikes of early developmental stages. These results suggested that the genes of two expression changing trends may play positive and negative roles in the early floral transition of Phalaenopsis orchids. In conclusion, spikes induced by warm day and cool night conditions were complex in Phalaenopsis orchids; nevertheless, several molecular flowering pathway-related genes were found. The acquired data form the basis for a molecular understanding of spike induction by warm day and cool night conditions in Phalaenopsis orchids.

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“…For example, ABA stimulates vacuolar invertase activity in maize leaf (Trowverie et al, 2003) and cell wall-bound invertase activity in avocado seeds (Richings et al, 2000); GA stimulates cell wall-bound invertase activity in pea shoots (Wu et al, 1993); cytokinine stimulates invertase activity in Chenopodium rubrum (Ehneß and Roitsch, 1997) and auxin increases invertase activity in maize (Long et al, 2002); however, few studies have investigated the increase in sucrose synthase activity by phytohormones. For example, GA 3 increases sucrose synthase activity in Phalaenopsis (Chen et al, 1994) and pea (Koerdel and Kutschera, 2000), and IAA and ABA increase sucrose synthase activity in sorghum grain (Bhatia and Singh, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Rooting from Cuttings of Strawberry Runner Plants by Abscisic Acid under High Temperature Condition

Saito

Bantog

Morimoto

et al. 2009

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Constant rooting by cuttings to raise seedlings at high temperatures during summer in a forced elevated bench culture system of strawberry is important. Abscisic acid (ABA) applied to crown tissue of cuttings of strawberry runner plants at higher temperature (30°C) without low temperature treatment (storage for 2 days at 5°C) stimulated rooting to the same level as at low temperature; however, naphtaleneacetic acid, gibberellic acid, and benzyl adenine did not stimulate rooting well. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) activity increased 1 day after starting ABA treatment at 30°C and 2 days after 5°C exposure. SuSy activity treated with ABA at 30°C was always higher than that without ABA at 30°C. Soluble acid invertase activity at 5°C increased at 1 day compared with that at 30°C, and the activity when treated with ABA at 30°C did not change compared with that without ABA at 30°C. Bound acid invertase activity showed no marked differences among crown tissues treated at 5°C, 30°C, and with ABA at 30°C. The content of ABA in crown tissue of cuttings at 5°C was compared with that at 30°C, but they showed only a slight difference. At high temperature, cuttings of strawberry runner plants produced roots by ABA without low temperature treatment.

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Gibberellin and temperature influence carbohydrate content and flowering in Phalaenopsis

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a Flowering locus T homolog gene from a Phalaenopsis orchid

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a Flowering locus T homolog gene from a Phalaenopsis orchid

Identification of warm day and cool night conditions induced flowering-related genes in a Phalaenopsis orchid hybrid by suppression subtractive hybridization

Stimulation of Rooting from Cuttings of Strawberry Runner Plants by Abscisic Acid under High Temperature Condition

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