Gibberellin and the Growth of Peach and Apricot Fruits

Jackson, D. I.

doi:10.1071/bi9680209

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…GA 3 application may have also induced auxin synthesis, responsible for acidifying the cell wall which enables the action of pH-dependent expansins (Choi et al 2006;Xie et al 2009). Jackson (1968) had previously observed that in some apricots and peach varieties a high gibberellin concentration is needed at the beginning of the growth curve to induce cell division and later in development in order to achieve cell expansion. In summary, supplying GA 3 at the beginning of pit hardening induced transcript accumulation of genes encoding proteins putatively involved in protein folding and protection of the endoplasmic reticulum (HSP40 er) and chloroplast (HSP17.8 ch), endomembrane transport (GTPase), as well as genes involved in cell wall loosening (Exp1, Exp2, Exp3, Exp4), contributing to the mechanism responsible for increased fruit size and prevention of woolliness after cold storage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid spraying on gene transcript accumulation during peach fruit development

et al. 2011

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In order to understand early molecular events associated with increase in fruit size and woolliness prevention induced by pre-harvest gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) spraying, differential transcript accumulation of genes encoding proteins putatively involved in protein folding and protection, cell wall metabolism, and endomembrane transport was studied during fruit development of 'Chiripá' peach. Woolliness occurrence reached 100% in untreated peach, was reduced by 15% with GA 3 spraying at the end of the pit hardening stage and was significantly reduced (by 78%) in peaches treated at the beginning of the pit hardening stage despite a significantly increased fruit size. Low incidence of woolliness after cold storage and fruit size increase in early GA 3 treated peach was correlated with high transcript accumulation of genes encoding proteins putatively involved in protein folding, and protection of the endoplasmic reticulum (heat shock proteins-HSP40 er) and chloroplast (HSP17.8 ch), endomembrane transport (GTPase), as well as genes involved in cell wall loosening (expansins-Exp1, Exp2, Exp3, Exp4).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid spraying on gene transcript accumulation during peach fruit development

et al. 2011

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“…Conversely, mutant fruits with inadequate quantities of GA exhibited a series of distortions in floral development and general reproductive growth events [1–2, 9, 14]. Although the potential impact of GA in coordinating fruit development processes has already been acknowledged [15–18], the mechanism by which these effects are achieved is still largely unknown. This may be due to the diversity of cross-talk between GA and other hormones, which are often species/organ/developmental stage-dependent [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plum Fruit Development Occurs via Gibberellin–Sensitive and –Insensitive DELLA Repressors

et al. 2017

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Fruit growth depends on highly coordinated hormonal activities. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) promotes growth by triggering degradation of the growth-repressing DELLA proteins; however, the extent to which such proteins contribute to GA-mediated fruit development remains to be clarified. Three new plum genes encoding DELLA proteins, PslGAI, PslRGL and PslRGA were isolated and functionally characterized. Analysis of expression profile during fruit development suggested that PslDELLA are transcriptionally regulated during flower and fruit ontogeny with potential positive regulation by GA and ethylene, depending on organ and developmental stage. PslGAI and PslRGL deduced proteins contain all domains present in typical DELLA proteins. However, PslRGA exhibited a degenerated DELLA domain and subsequently lacks in GID1–DELLA interaction property. PslDELLA–overexpression in WT Arabidopsis caused dramatic disruption in overall growth including root length, stem elongation, plant architecture, flower structure, fertility, and considerable retardation in development due to dramatic distortion in GA-metabolic pathway. GA treatment enhanced PslGAI/PslRGL interaction with PslGID1 receptors, causing protein destabilization and relief of growth-restraining effect. By contrast, PslRGA protein was not degraded by GA due to its inability to interact with PslGID1. Relative to other PslDELLA–mutants, PslRGA–plants displayed stronger constitutive repressive growth that was irreversible by GA application. The present results describe additional complexities in GA-signalling during plum fruit development, which may be particularly important to optimize successful reproductive growth.

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“…The endogenous systems which regulate these stages are not known, but several scientists have described regulating roles for hormones . Jackson [8] observed high gibberellin-like activity in the pericarp of fruits during Stage I . Ethylene production also occurs at relatively high rates at that time and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid concentration peaks in the fruit [9,13,14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole-3-acetic acid concentration and ethylene evolution during early fruit development in peach

Miller

Walsh

1990

Plant Growth Regul

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Ethylene evolution was measured from greenhouse-grown 'Jerseyglo' peach fruits beginning 29 days after anthesis. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were measured in the pericarp and seed tissues of individual fruits on a single shoot when variable ethylene evolution was noted . Despite hand-pollinating all flowers on the same day, variability within the shoot existed in fruit fresh weight, IAA levels, and ethylene evolution . Seed IAA concentration increased as fruit and seed fresh weight increased and ranged from 106 to 1572 ng . g -' . As pericarp fresh weight increased, IAA levels in this tissue decreased . Ethylene evolution rates ranged from 0 .21 to 1 .07 nl. g. -'h -'and were not correlated with IAA concentration in seed, pericarp, or the whole fruit . High rates of ethylene evolution from the whole fruit occurred prior to increased IAA concentration in the seed .Fruits were excised from field-grown `Redskin' peach trees beginning 40 days after full bloom . Fruits from field sampled shoots appeared to be more physiologically advanced than the greenhouse-grown 'Jerseyglo' fruits . Pericarp IAA concentration was low, ranging from 2 .8 to 6 .5 ng. g -' . Seed concentrations accounted for 75% of the IAA found in the fruit and ranged from 239 to 1042 ng . g -' . As with greenhouse-grown samples, whole fruit IAA concentration tended to decrease as fruits increased in fresh weight . . IntroductionPeach fruit display a double sigmoidal growth curve . During Stage I, the growth of the pericarp is rapid . Stage II, or the lag phase of growth, is characterized by rapid development of the embryo, lignification of the endocarp, and decreased pericarp growth rate . The mesocarp undergoes rapid growth by cell enlargement during Stage III . The endogenous systems which regulate these stages are not known, but several scientists have described regulating roles for hormones . Jackson [8] observed high gibberellin-like activity in the pericarp of fruits during Stage I . Ethylene production also occurs at relatively high rates at that time and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid concentration peaks in the fruit [9,13,14] . These increases 38 appear to be coincident with cytokinesis of the endosperm [13] . Auxin levels are also high during Stage I [14] .A positive correlation in auxin and ethylene biosynthesis has been reported in several plant organs [23] . Endogenous IAA concentrations and rates of ethylene evolution were positively correlated in studies of peach fruit development [14] . In that work, the IAA data were obtained from pooled fruit samples ; therefore, the hypothesis that variable ethylene evolution rates were positively correlated with IAA concentration of individual fruits could not be tested .The purpose of the current study was to determine if IAA concentration is positively correlated with ethylene evolution rates on a single fruit basis . Materials and methodsPlant material. One-year-old 'Jerseyglo' peach trees grafted onto 'Halford' rootstock were planted in 20 liter pots, containing a mixture of soil :...

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Gibberellin and the Growth of Peach and Apricot Fruits

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid spraying on gene transcript accumulation during peach fruit development

Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid spraying on gene transcript accumulation during peach fruit development

Plum Fruit Development Occurs via Gibberellin–Sensitive and –Insensitive DELLA Repressors

Indole-3-acetic acid concentration and ethylene evolution during early fruit development in peach

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