Gilbert-style Pleistocene fan delta reveals tectonic development of North Island axial ranges, New Zealand

Rees, Callum; Palmer, Julie; Palmer, Alan

doi:10.1080/00288306.2017.1406377

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The Pohangina (Figure S6) and Makaroro both drain the Ruahine mountain range, are heavily laden with coarse sediment, and in‐channel bars and multiple active threads are evident. We suggest that the negative exponent in these channels may be related to the high sediment supply or local variabilities in lithological strength, especially in the Lower Pohangina, where the bedrock includes a thick succession of coarse terrigeneous clastic deposits (Rees et al ., 2017). Further detailed field study of these channels would highlight these controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment flux‐driven channel geometry adjustment of bedrock and mixed gravel–bedrock rivers

Baynes

Lague

Steer

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Sediment supply (Q s) is often overlooked in modelling studies of landscape evolution, despite sediment playing a key role in the physical processes that drive erosion and sedimentation in river channels. Here, we show the direct impact of the supply of coarse-grained, hard sediment on the geometry of bedrock channels from the Rangitikei River, New Zealand. Channels receiving a coarse bedload sediment supply are systematically (up to an order of magnitude) wider than channels with no bedload sediment input for a given discharge. We also present physical model experiments of a bedrock river channel with a fixed water discharge (1.5lmin À1) under different Q s (between 0 and 20gl À1) that allow the quantification of the role of sediment in setting the width and slope of channels and the distribution of shear stress within channels. The addition of bedload sediment increases the width, slope and width-to-depth ratio of the channels, and increasing sediment loads promote emerging complexity in channel morphology and shear stress distributions. Channels with low Q s are characterized by simple in-channel morphologies with a uniform distribution of shear stress within the channel while channels with high Q s are characterized by dynamic channels with multiple active threads and a non-uniform distribution of shear stress. We compare bedrock channel geometries from the Rangitikei and the experiments to alluvial channels and demonstrate that the behaviour is similar, with a transition from single-thread and uniform channels to multiple threads occurring when bedload sediment is present. In the experimental bedrock channels, this threshold Q s is when the input sediment supply exceeds the transport capacity of the channel. Caution is required when using the channel geometry to reconstruct past environmental conditions or to invert for tectonic uplift rates, because multiple configurations of channel geometry can exist for a given discharge, solely due to input Q s .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment flux‐driven channel geometry adjustment of bedrock and mixed gravel–bedrock rivers

Baynes

Lague

Steer

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…including the larger foraminifera Nummulites (Nummulites vascus and Nummulites bouillei -Sakınç, 1994;Less et al, 2011 and our own observations). Interpretation of the precise depositional setting of this sedimentary package requires further detailed sedimentological studies, but the facies present are reminiscent of fan-delta and shoreface deposition (Wescott and Ethridge, 1990;Colmenero et al, 1988;Marzo and Anadón, 1988;Rees et al, 2017) on a steep rocky shoreline -slope (Nemec, 1990;Colella, 1988;Sheppard, 2006). Presumably, further faults depositionally proximal to the Karaburun location exposed Cretaceous volcanics that were eroded and transported into this facies.…”

Section: Ihsaniye Fm Marls and Debris Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Oligocene succession(İhsaniye Formation) at Karaburun (NW Turkey)

Simmons¹,

Bidgood²,

Connell³

et al. 2020

Turkish J Earth Sci

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The biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the İhsaniye Formation exposed at Karaburun in northwest Turkey is described based upon the study of abundant and well-preserved foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and palynomorphs. The studied succession is Early Oligocene in age, with calcareous nannofossil zones upper NP21 (Subzone CNO1) to lower NP23 (Subzone CNO3) and planktonic foraminifera zones O1 (~P18) and O2 (~P19) represented, and palynological assemblages suggestive of zones D13 to D14a. Based on these new data, a revised interpretation of the stratigraphic succession is presented. Deposition was controlled by a now inverted normal fault, with deposition of older stratigraphy (upper NP21 to NP22) restricted to the original hanging wall. During NP23, deposition commenced on the footwall, resulting in progressive onlap of an exposed Eocene reefal limestone (Soğucak Formation). Three primary sedimentary facies are present: marls with thin calcareous siltstones, marls with synsedimentary slumps and debris flows, and coarse pebbly sandstones. The coarse pebbly sandstones were deposited in a fan-delta/shoreface paleoenvironment and represent the initial phase of onlap during biozone NP23 onto a rocky shoreline on the footwall side of the fault. The marl-dominated facies represent deposition in outer shelf-upper bathyal environments. The succession demonstrates evidence for a near-end Eocene relative sea-level fall. Changes in the abundance of planktonic foraminifera and the onlap onto the footwall demonstrate maximum subsequent transgression within NP23. This reflects eustasy rather than Paratethyan relative sea-level. No interpretation of sea-water salinity reduction can be made for the sediments deposited during biozone NP23 in the studied sections, although this is noted in coeval sediments in parts of Paratethys (the "Solenovian Event"). Together with the open marine nature of the diverse and abundant fossil assemblages, it is suggested that deposition of the Karaburun section was strongly influenced by a connection to the global ocean, via the Çatalca Gap, as suggested in a recent study.

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“…They are also common in high-relief physiographic settings where accommodation is not primarily created by tectonics, such as incised valleys, fjords, or proglacial lakes; they can even form in lakes inside volcanic craters (Nemec et al, 1999;Németh et al, 2001;Gutsell et al, 2004;Kostic et al, 2005;Eilertsen et al, 2011;Gobo et al, 2014a;Leszczyński and Nemec, 2015;Winsemann et al, 2018). These deltas form important nodes in sediment-delivery pathways linking continental hinterlands to subaqueous lacustrine (Bowman, 1990;Bestland 1991; Lee and Chough, 1999;Ilgar and Nemec, 2005;Sztanó et al, 2010) and marine depocentres (Colella, 1988;Mortimer et al, 2004Mortimer et al, , 2005García-García et al, 2016a;Breda et al, 2009;Ciampalini and Firpo, 2015;Rees et al, 2018). Allogenic forcing by climate, tectonics and eustasy acts to control factors that influence delta evolution, such as basin depth and morphology, catchment-area bedrock and physiography, and variations in base level, water discharge and sediment supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative characterization of the sedimentary architecture of Gilbert-type deltas

Budai

Colombera

Mountney

2021

Sedimentary Geology

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Gilbert-style Pleistocene fan delta reveals tectonic development of North Island axial ranges, New Zealand

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Sediment flux‐driven channel geometry adjustment of bedrock and mixed gravel–bedrock rivers

Sediment flux‐driven channel geometry adjustment of bedrock and mixed gravel–bedrock rivers

Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Oligocene succession(İhsaniye Formation) at Karaburun (NW Turkey)

Quantitative characterization of the sedimentary architecture of Gilbert-type deltas

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