Gill histological and transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the response of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) to alkalinity stress

Effects of Saline-Alkaline Stress on Metabolome, Biochemical Parameters, and Histopathology in the Kidney of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)

“…Oxidative stress induced by environmental stress can cause changes in the tissue morphology of aquatic animals, which inevitably leads to changes in function [ 5 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The changes in the renal tissue of crucian carp induced by CA exposure with different concentrations were proven by histopathology in the present study.…”

“…China is a major country in aquaculture in the world, of which aquaculture output is more than 60 % of the total output of aquaculture in the world [ 3 ]. There are about 4.6 × 10 11 m 2 of low-lying saline-alkali waters in China [ 4 ], most of which remain unexploited due to the special water quality conditions of significant carbonate alkalinity (CA) and ion imbalances [ 5 ]. CA is considered a crucial stress factor as it affects the survival of aquatic animals in saline-alkali water [ 6 ].…”

Transcriptomic Modulation Reveals the Specific Cellular Response in Chinese Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) Gills under Salinity Change and Alkalinity Stress

“…Therefore, firstly, L. maculatus juveniles (158.23 ± 18.77 g) from seawater (SW, 30 ppt) were randomly transferred to freshwater (FW, 0 ppt) and brackish water (BW, 15 ppt) for 30 days [ 23 ], and then samples were collected for the SW, BW and FW groups, respectively. After FW acclimation, L. maculatus specimens (body weight: 140.32 ± 2.56 g) from FW were further transferred to alkaline water (AW, carbonate alkalinity: 18 ± 0.2 mmol/L) for 3 days, with the temperature and pH maintained at 20 ± 1 °C and pH 9.0 ± 0.2, respectively [ 26 ]. Due to the only moderate adaptation to alkaline water, L. maculatus specimens from the AW group were sampled at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 72 h. L. maculatus were anesthetized with MS-222 (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), and the gill tissues were rapidly sampled for both RNA extraction (−80 °C) and histological examination (Bouin’s fluid) after salinity change and alkalinity stress.…”

“…L. maculatus shows an excellent ability to adapt to a broad variety of salinity environments ranging from freshwater to seawater [ 23 , 24 ], therefore, its aquaculture is viable in both freshwater ponds and seawater cages in China. Additionally, L. maculatus has been proven to be able to survive in highly alkaline (10 mmol/L) water for a long period of time [ 25 , 26 ], and the aquaculture of L. maculatus in alkaline water has also been developed recently. Therefore, with saline-alkaline water aquaculture becoming a promising way to accommodate the growing need for aquaculture, the investigation of salinity and alkalinity stress tolerance in aquatic species is vitally important for the screening of alkaline-tolerant species, and it is essential for the fishery industry to investigate the physiological changes in fishes adapting to saline-alkaline waters and to understand their adaptation in the aquatic ecosystem [ 1 , 6 ].…”

“…WGCNA can detect clusters of highly correlated genes and reveal not only the implication of previously studied genes but also pathways unconsidered so far [ 35 , 36 ]. Therefore, the combination of gene expression and network analysis will provide a more comprehensive indication of how teleost species respond to dynamic environmental challenges in terms of cellular signaling pathways [ 23 , 24 , 26 ].…”