Ginger (Zingiber officinaleRosc.) and its bioactive components are potential resources for health beneficial agents

Abstract

Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberacae), commonly known as ginger, is a perennial and herbaceous plant with long cultivation history. Ginger rhizome is one of the most popular food spices with unique pungent flavor and is prescribed as a well‐known traditional Chinese herbal medicine. To date, over 160 constituents, including volatile oil, gingerol analogues, diarylheptanoids, phenylalkanoids, sulfonates, steroids, and monoterpenoid glycosides compounds, have been isolated and identified from ginger. Increasing evidence has revealed that ginger possesses a broad range of biological activities, especially gastrointestinal‐protective, anti‐cancer, and obesity‐preventive effects. In addition, gingerol analogues such as 6‐gingerol and 6‐shogaol can be rapidly eliminated in the serum and detected as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Structural variation would be useful to improve the metabolic characteristics and bioactivities of lead compounds derived from ginger. Furthermore, some clinical trials have indicated that ginger can be consumed for attenuating nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy; however, there is not sufficient data available to rule out its potential toxicity, which should be monitored especially over longer periods. This review provides an up‐to‐date understanding of the scientific evidence on the development of ginger and its active compounds as health beneficial agents in future clinical trials.

Zingerone (4-(four-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) butane-two-1) modulates adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis by regulating inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants

“…Zingiber officinale is a monocotyledonous medicinal plant, native to India or Southeast Asia, from where it reached to rest of the world [26]. Both fresh and dried ginger has found its use as a food additive and dietary spice as well as a phytomedicines [27].…”

Evaluation of the Slimming Effects of Diet Tea in Biochemical and Molecular Meaning

“…Its components were not specified in detail enough. As a result of studies conducted with ginger tea and its 6-shogaol, 6gingerol, and curcumin ingredients, its anti-obesity effect has been stated and its biochemical pathways have been enlightened 78,79 . Although there existed studies of drugs other than pomegranate flower, experimental studies for pomegranate flower were insufficient.…”

“…Its flowers are fragile. The most abundant gingerol analog in fresh ginger was 6gingerol 78 . Curcumin (diferuloyl methane) was a polyphenol and an active ingredient in Zingiberaceae species such as ginger 79 .…”

Nasal Spray Formulations Based on Combined Hyalurosomes and Glycerosomes Loading Zingiber officinalis Extract as Green and Natural Strategy for the Treatment of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis

“…Several herbal sprays have been used in the local treatment of rhinitis or rhinosinusitis due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties [18]. Ginger (Z. officinalis) is widely used as a spice in the world but it is also known for its beneficial properties [19]. Historical evidences attest that the therapeutic efficacy of ginger inhalation was already known since 4000 years in India where it was used for the treatment of respiratory diseases [20,21].…”