Gingival crevicular fluid levels of RANKL and OPG in periodontal diseases: implications of their relative ratio

Bostancı, Nagihan; İlgenli, Tunç; Emingil, Gülnur; Afacan, Beral; Han, Buket; Töz, Hüseyin; Atilla, Gül; Hughes, Francis J.; Belibasakis, Georgios N.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01061.x

Cited by 228 publications

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“…The relative RANKL/OPG expression ratio is a measure of clinical relevance, its local increase in the tissues is associated with the occurrence of periodontitis [10,11,25]. In the present experimental system, the RANKL/OPG ratio was also calculated, as an indicator of the cells' capacity to enhance osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

et al. 2011

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone. It is triggered by polymicrobial biofilms attaching on tooth surfaces, which can be supragingival or subgingival. Bone resorption is triggered by receptor activator of NF-B ligand (RANKL) and blocked by its soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which are cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families, respectively. The present study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of the Zürich in vitro supragingival and subgingival biofilm models, on RANKL and OPG gene expression in primary human gingival fibroblasts (GF) cultures. The cells were challenged with biofilm culture supernatants for up-to 24h. RANKL and OPG gene expression in the cells was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and their relative RANKL/OPG ratio was calculated. Both biofilm supernatants induced RANKL expression, but the subgingival caused a more pronounced up-regulation compared to the supragingival (10-fold at 6h and 100-fold at 24h). Changes in OPG expression in response to either biofilm were more limited. Accordingly, the subgingival biofilm caused a greater enhancement of the relative RANKL/OPG ratio (4-fold at 6h and 110-fold 24h). In conclusion, subgingival biofilms exhibit a stronger potency for inducing molecular mechanisms of bone resorption than supragingival biofilms, in line with their higher virulence nature for the development of periodontitis. AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone. It is triggered by polymicrobial biofilms attaching on tooth surfaces, which can be supragingival or subgingival. Bone resorption is triggered by RANKL and blocked by its soluble decoy receptor OPG, which are cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families, respectively. The present study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of the Zürich in vitro supragingival and subgingival biofilm models, on RANKL and OPG gene expression in primary human GF cultures. The cells were challenged with the biofilms for up-to 24 hours. RANKL and OPG gene expression in the cells was analysed by qPCR and their relative RANKL/OPG ratio was calculated. Both biofilms induced RANKL expression, but the subgingival caused a more pronounced up-regulation compared to the supragingival (10-fold at 6 h and 100-fold at 24 h). Changes in OPG expression in response to either biofilm were more limited. Accordingly, the subgingival biofilm caused a greater enhancement of the relative RANKL/OPG ratio (4-fold at 6 h and 110-fold 24 h). In conclusion, subgingival biofilms exhibit a stronger potency for inducing molecular mechanisms of bone resorption than supragingival biofilms, in line with their higher virulence nature for the development of periodontitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the relative RANKL/OPG ratio are indicative of the capacity of a cell or tissue to regulate bone resorption. An increased ratio is indicative of enhanced bone resorption in pathological inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis [10,11].…”

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The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

et al. 2011

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“…Candidate molecules can be the ones already validated in periodontitis, such as the matrix metalloproteinases (67,68), or the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) -osteoprotegerin (OPG) system (69,70), which show a positive association with disease occurrence and severity (71,72). An increasing stream of evidence shows the association of these factors with peri-implantitis (73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83).…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Peri-implant Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological and immuno-pathological aspects of peri-implant diseases

Belibasakis

2014

Archives of Oral Biology

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“…The collection of GCF is a non-invasive, safe procedure, and perhaps the most applicable aid for analysis for development of diagnostic markers (Lamster et al, 1988), since it is closely approximated to the tissues where periodontal disease begins and consequently opens to the whole body (Champagne et al, 2003). Because GCF composition reflects the nature and amplitude of the host response to the microbial plaque challenge, determination of GCF constituent levels may help identify subjects undergoing a transition from health to disease (Bostanci et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Label-Free Absolute Quantitative Proteomics in Human Gingival Crevicular Fluid by LC/MS^E (Gingival Exudatome)

et al. 2010

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Periodontal disease is perhaps the most common infectious disease in humans. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a local inflammatory exudate of the periodontal tissues. Its composition greatly varies between health and periodontal disease. GCF collection is rapid and noninvasive, but previous approaches aiming to analyze its composition have mainly involved single protein biomarkers. The aim of this study was to perform analysis of the GCF exudatome from healthy and periodontally diseased sites by LC/MS E , a label-free mass spectrometry method that enables simultaneous protein identification and absolute quantification in biological fluids. In total, 154 proteins of human, bacterial, and viral origin were identified in the 40 GCF samples obtained from the 10 subjects (five healthy and five generalized aggressive periodontitis). The proportion of bacterial, viral, and yeast protein was increased in disease, compared to health. The presence of host defense-related proteins, such as Cystatin-B and defensins, was confirmed to be present only in health. Among the newly identified GCF proteins were L-plastin detected only in disease (15.6 ( 12.1 fmol) and Annexin-1 detected in 5-fold higher levels in health. Nevertheless, pro-inflammatory cytokines or periodontal pathogen proteins were rarely detected. Conclusively, the LC/MS E technology may facilitate characterization of GCF proteome in periodontal health and disease, thus conferring prognostic and diagnostic value. Larger cohort studies are required to characterize the complete GCF proteome in health and disease.

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Gingival crevicular fluid levels of RANKL and OPG in periodontal diseases: implications of their relative ratio

Abstract: GCF RANKL and OPG levels were oppositely regulated in periodontitis, but not gingivitis, resulting in an enhanced RANKL/OPG ratio. This ratio was similar in all three periodontitis groups and may therefore predict disease occurrence.

Cited by 228 publications

References 42 publications

The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

Microbiological and immuno-pathological aspects of peri-implant diseases

Application of Label-Free Absolute Quantitative Proteomics in Human Gingival Crevicular Fluid by LC/MS^E (Gingival Exudatome)

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Gingival crevicular fluid levels of RANKL and OPG in periodontal diseases: implications of their relative ratio

Abstract: GCF RANKL and OPG levels were oppositely regulated in periodontitis, but not gingivitis, resulting in an enhanced RANKL/OPG ratio. This ratio was similar in all three periodontitis groups and may therefore predict disease occurrence.

Cited by 228 publications

References 42 publications

The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

Microbiological and immuno-pathological aspects of peri-implant diseases

Application of Label-Free Absolute Quantitative Proteomics in Human Gingival Crevicular Fluid by LC/MSE (Gingival Exudatome)

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Application of Label-Free Absolute Quantitative Proteomics in Human Gingival Crevicular Fluid by LC/MS^E (Gingival Exudatome)