Gingival crevicular fluid proteomes in health, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis

Abstract

The gingival crevicular fluid proteome in each clinical condition was different and its analysis may assist us in understanding periodontal pathogenesis.

Plaque‐induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations

“…More recently, there has been a further attempt to characterize the GCF profile of a patient with gingivitis (i.e., a patient with a given amount of gingival inflammation and no attachment/bone loss) (Table ) . Overall, these studies indicate that the GCF proteomic profile of gingivitis subjects is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of periodontal health; more specifically, a greater number of proteins have been found in gingivitis compared to periodontal health .…”

Proteomics - The Future of Periodontal Diagnostics

“…Despite the promising prospects of using whole saliva for screening for periodontal diseases, most proteomic studies have been confined to 2-D-gel electrophoresis approaches that only used MALDI and electrospraymass spectrometry for identification of protein spots [28][29][30][31]. Only few studies have used the highly sensitive gel free LC-MS/MS approaches for studying periodontitis-related changes in the composition of whole saliva GCF, and periodontal tissues [32][33][34][35]. The most frequently detected proteins in these studies were actins, keratins, histones, annexins, protein S100-A9, HSPB1, LEG7 and 14-3-3, apolipo protein A-I, ALB protein, albumin and serum albumin.…”

Ecological Therapeutic Opportunities for Oral Diseases

“…Multiple factors found in the mucosa, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), a serum-like exudate constantly flowing between the gingiva and teeth, modulate the growth of the resident microbiota at the different surfaces (49, 50, 51, 52). Antimicrobial peptides of the β-defensin family (hBDs) are found in various locations of the oral cavity such as oral mucosa, gingiva, tongue epithelium, and salivary glands (53).…”

“…Other molecules such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, and a variety of antimicrobial peptides present in saliva may also influence the composition of the microbial community (for a review see Marsh et al (52)). Finally, elements of the complement system found in GCF may modulate colonization of the subgingival sulcus (50, 58). …”

“…In exposed surfaces such as tongue, mucosa and supragingival surfaces of teeth, dietary products as well as saliva components are the main available nutritional sources, while in the subgingival crevice the resident microorganisms obtain nutrients mainly from GCF. Saliva contains glycoproteins such as mucins, amylase, and immunoglobulin (Ig) A (52, 59), while GCF contains many serum-derived proteins, such as hemoglobin-derived peptides, IgM, IgG and albumin, which serve as nutrients for sub-gingival species (50, 60, 61, 62). Bacteria from supragingival plaque use host glycoproteins as a major energy source and function as a microbial community to sequentially degrade these structurally complex molecules (39, 63).…”