Gingival Overgrowth in Dogs Associated with Clinically Relevant Cyclosporine Blood Levels: Observations in a Canine Renal Transplantation Model

Abstract

MCsA is used for immune-mediated diseases and preventing rejection after transplant in dogs. MCsA blood levels, and gingival hyperplasia should be monitored by routine examination of the interdental papilla in dogs administered MCsA for long periods.

ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs

“…Administering the medication frozen or with food can decrease gastrointestinal adverse effects, although administration with food carries a risk of altering drug absorption profiles. Uncommonly, cyclosporine may cause idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, which does not seem to be dose‐dependent; gingival hyperplasia and hypertrichosis also have been reported occasionally . Nephrotoxicity is a potential problem in people receiving cyclosporine, but clinically relevant renal damage has not been documented in dogs at standard dosages …”

Successful Management of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Pneumonia after Kidney Transplantation in a Dog

“…The dog underwent heterotrophic renal transplantation in the iliac fossa with a kidney from a healthy dog leukocyte antigen cross-matched littermate donor. To assess whether a littermate dog is compatible as a kidney donor, blood typing, erythrocyte cross-match and complement-dependent cytotoxic cross-match tests were performed [14]. The transplant recipient also underwent bilateral native nephrectomy and had been given 20 mg/kg microemulsified cyclosporine (Implanta, PO, q24h; Hanmi, Seoul, Korea), 1 mg/kg predinisolone (Solondo, PO, q24h; Yuhanmedica, Ochang, Korea) and 5 mg/kg azathioprine (Immuthera, PO, q48h; Celltrion, Incheon, Korea) as immunosuppressive therapy 2 days prior to transplantation according to a previously described protocol [14].…”

“…To assess whether a littermate dog is compatible as a kidney donor, blood typing, erythrocyte cross-match and complement-dependent cytotoxic cross-match tests were performed [14]. The transplant recipient also underwent bilateral native nephrectomy and had been given 20 mg/kg microemulsified cyclosporine (Implanta, PO, q24h; Hanmi, Seoul, Korea), 1 mg/kg predinisolone (Solondo, PO, q24h; Yuhanmedica, Ochang, Korea) and 5 mg/kg azathioprine (Immuthera, PO, q48h; Celltrion, Incheon, Korea) as immunosuppressive therapy 2 days prior to transplantation according to a previously described protocol [14]. The cyclosporine trough concentration was maintained approximately 400–700 n g/m l for the first 6 months after surgery, and then the dosage was reduced to maintain a trough concentration of 250–350 n g/m l as measured by high-performed liquid chromatography [3].…”

“…The cyclosporine trough concentration was maintained approximately 400–700 n g/m l for the first 6 months after surgery, and then the dosage was reduced to maintain a trough concentration of 250–350 n g/m l as measured by high-performed liquid chromatography [3]. Prednisolone dose was gradually reduced 1 month after surgery and discontinued after 3 months [14]. We administered 22 mg/kg cefazolin (Cefazolin, IV, q12h; Chong Kun Dang Pharm, Seoul, Korea) for 5 days after surgery as prophylaxis.…”

Apically Repositioned Flap for Gingival Enlargement

“…2 Hyperplasia is a combination of proliferation and decreased apoptosis. 8,12 One study showed that gingival enlargement in the interdental papillae begins as early as 20-weeks after initiating cyclosporine therapy. 8,12 One study showed that gingival enlargement in the interdental papillae begins as early as 20-weeks after initiating cyclosporine therapy.…”