Gingko biloba abrogate lead-induced neurodegeneration in mice hippocampus: involvement of NF-κB expression, myeloperoxidase activity and pro-inflammatory mediators

Ginkgo bilobaprotects striatal neurodegeneration and gut phagoinflammatory damage in rotenone‐induced mice model of Parkinson's disease: Role of executioner caspase‐3/Nrf2/AREsignaling

“…The dose selection of G. biloba and rotenone treatments were based on our previous records and preliminary investigations with slight modification (Adebayo et al, 2021;Oshio et al, 2015;Sharma et al, 2016). G. biloba was prepared according to our previous procedures, whereas rotenone was dissolved based on Adebayo et al (2021) and Farombi et al (2020). The mice were carefully selected into four groups (n = 10 per group):…”

“…Locomotor and exploratory behavioral evaluations to check for motor deficits following pretreatment before lesioning or lesioning and posttreatment were carried out on day 21 post surgery using an open-field chamber described by Adebayo et al (2021). Randomly selected mice were singly placed in the center of the open-field chamber (35 × 30 × 23 cm, with the floor divided with dark lines into three concentric zones).…”

“…More importantly, recent investigations demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba may elicit protection against neuronal degenerations and has also been considered a nootropic agent (Yang et al, 2018). For instance, Ginkgo biloba exhibited a neuroprotective effect against lead-and aluminum-induced neuronal degeneration (Adebayo et al, 2021;Verma et al, 2020), hyperbaric hypoxia-induced fear, and memory extinction (Kumari et al, 2020), and irregular sleep-wakefulness were reversed by the pretreatment + concurrent (Pre-CONC) and concurrent (CONC) GBS treatment pattern. In sum, we proved the potential dual effects of GBS in preventing both dopaminergic neural-related impairments and gut wall abnormalities linked with PD.…”

“…Taken together, these neuromodulatory and neuropharmacological facts suggest that Ginkgo biloba may be systematically stable enough to successfully cross the BBB. Moreover, Ginkgo biloba has not only been adopted as an agent against neuronal degeneration but has also been used in nephroprotection, repair of damaged DNA molecules, hepatoprotection, inhibition of tumor and cancerous growth, and prevention of platelet aggregation (Adebayo et al, 2021;Kumari et al, 2020;Ude et al, 2013). Abdel-Salam et al (2004), Chen et al (2005, Hui andFangyu (2017), andEl-Medany et al (2020) demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba prevented abdominal inflammation and constriction and oxidative gastric mucosa lining injury induced by acetic acid, indomethacin, and hydrochloric acid/ethanol, indicating that Ginkgo biloba exhibits gastroprotective properties.…”

“…More importantly, recent investigations demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba may elicit protection against neuronal degenerations and has also been considered a nootropic agent (Yang et al, 2018). For instance, Ginkgo biloba exhibited a neuroprotective effect against lead‐ and aluminum‐induced neuronal degeneration (Adebayo et al, 2021; Verma et al, 2020), hyperbaric hypoxia‐induced fear, and memory extinction (Kumari et al, 2020), and irregular sleep‐wakefulness disorders (Nishimon et al, 2020), respectively. Also, Ginkgo biloba confers protection against other neurological diseases (Ude et al, 2013) and improves blood–brain‐barrier (BBB) ultrafiltration by activating certain receptor (α1‐adenosine receptor) signaling pathways for the reuptake of Ginkgo biloba bioflavonoids and ginsenosides (Ude et al, 2013).…”