Ginkgetinin vitro and in vivoreducesStreptococcus suisvirulence by inhibiting suilysin activity

Abstract

Aims: Suilysin (SLY), a crucial virulence-related factor, has multiple cytotoxicities that are regarded as playing a key role in several diseases induced by Streptococcus suis. The aim of this study was to identify an effective inhibitor of SLY and to evaluate the potential inhibitory effect of the inhibitor against S. suis virulence. Methods and Results: Antibacterial activity experiments and haemolysis tests were used to identify the SLY inhibitor ginkgetin, and Western blot analysis and oligomerization inhibition tests were employed to determine the potential mechanism for its inhibition effect. The potential inhibitory effect of ginkgetin against S. suis virulence was then assessed through a cytotoxicity test and a mouse infection model. In this study, we demonstrated that the natural ingredient ginkgetin can significantly reduce the haemolytic activity of SLY to protect against S. suis-mediated cell injury in vitro by directly binding to SLY to block the oligomerization of the protein and reducing the bacterial burden in vivo. Conclusions:The results suggest that ginkgetin can start being used as a potential lead drug for the treatment of S. suis infections. Significance and Impact of the Study: The prevention and treatment of S. suis infection might be possible through the targeting of SLY by ginkgetin.

Neuroprotective Potential of Biflavone Ginkgetin: A Review

“…Biflavonoids are in the focus of the sciences as a potent antimicrobial, expecially antiviral agents [ 13 , 94 ] where ginkgetin stands out as a compound with antiviral capabilities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) [ 25 ], cytomegalovirus (HCMV) [ 25 ], influenza A virus [ 32 ], and SARS-CoV-2 virus [ 59 , 60 , 102 ]. Ginkgetin also shows antifungal activity against Alternaria alternate, Cladosporium oxysporum , and Fusarium culmorum [ 35 ], and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus suis [ 103 ] ( Figure 6 ).…”

Biflavonoids: Important Contributions to the Health Benefits of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)

“…Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming a global environmental problem due to the destruction they cause in freshwater ecosystems. Amentoflavone [ 91 ] and ginkgetin [ 92 ] showed antimicrobial effects in vitro and in vivo in mouse models against Streptococcus suis , a zoonotic pathogen, which can cause considerable economic losses in the swine industry and severe public health issues. Bagla et al [ 93 ] reported the antimicrobial activity of isoginkgetin against E. faecalis , S. aureus , P. aeruginosa and E. coli .…”

Homogenate-Ultrasound-Assisted Ionic Liquid Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Selaginella involven: Process Optimization, Composition Identification, and Antioxidant Activity

“…8 Li et al found that ginkgetin (GIN) could markedly reduce the hemolytic activity of suilysin which was a pivotal virulence-related factor and had various cytotoxicities. 9 Usually, the most common traditional approaches for selecting total flavonoids (TFs) are reflux extraction 10 and maceration extraction, 11 which have inevitable disadvantages, including high energy consumption, a long extraction time, and environment destruction. The ionic liquid (IL), as a kind of green solvent, is a potential alternative for the conventional organic solvents owing to special characteristics, such as high polarity, strong solvent compatibility, low viscosity, and wonderful hydrophobicity.…”

“…Zhang and Wang found that BIL could inhibit the influenza A virus polymerase acidic endonuclease which was a significant target to develop the anti-influenza new drug . Li et al found that ginkgetin (GIN) could markedly reduce the hemolytic activity of suilysin which was a pivotal virulence-related factor and had various cytotoxicities …”