Ginseng for Health Care: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Korean Literature

Choi, Jiae; Kim, Tae Hun; Choi, Tae‐Young; Lee, Myeong Soo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059978

Cited by 110 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It has been extensively studied over many years, and a large literature on its many diverse biological actions exists. Though some reviews have concluded that ginseng can promote both physical and mental performance and increase resistance to imposed stress (Oliynyk & Oh, 2013), it is important to recognize that much of the research in this area has been described as generally poor (Choi et al, 2013). The same conclusion might be reached for most of the supplements in this category.…”

Section: Promoting Adaptations To Trainingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dietary Supplements for Aquatic Sports

Derave¹,

Tipton²

2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Many athletes use dietary supplements, with use more prevalent among those competing at the highest level. Supplements are often self-prescribed, and their use is likely to be based on an inadequate understanding of the issues at stake. Supplementation with essential micronutrients may be useful when a diagnosed deficiency cannot be promptly and effectively corrected with food-based dietary solutions. When used in high doses, some supplements may do more harm than good: Iron supplementation, for example, is potentially harmful. There is good evidence from laboratory studies and some evidence from field studies to support health or performance benefits from appropriate use of a few supplements. The available evidence from studies of aquatic sports is small and is often contradictory. Evidence from elite performers is almost entirely absent, but some athletes may benefit from informed use of creatine, caffeine, and buffering agents. Poor quality assurance in some parts of the dietary supplements industry raises concerns about the safety of some products. Some do not contain the active ingredients listed on the label, and some contain toxic substances, including prescription drugs, that can cause health problems. Some supplements contain compounds that will cause an athlete to fail a doping test. Supplement quality assurance programs can reduce, but not entirely eliminate, this risk.

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Section: Promoting Adaptations To Trainingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dietary Supplements for Aquatic Sports

Derave¹,

Tipton²

2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…Meyer (Araliaceae), is a herbal medicine that has been shown to exhibit a variety of therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, immunomodulating, anti-cancer and antioxidant activities (9). As part of traditional folk medicine, ginseng has been a popular plant-based medicine for 2,000 years in East Asian countries, and remains a popular natural medicine worldwide (11)(12)(13). The major active constituents of ginseng are the triterpenoid saponins, also known as total saponins extracted from ginseng (TSG), which have a four-ring, steroid-like structure with attached sugar moieties (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TSG are the primary molecules responsible for the effects of ginseng. They possess pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer effects (11)(12)(13). In addition, Kim et al (17) suggested that TSG may suppress NO production in LPS/interferon-γ-activated RAW 246.7 macrophages by inhibiting inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory potential of total saponins derived from the roots of Panax ginseng in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Jang

Choi

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), is a widely known traditional medicine that has been utilized throughout Asia for several thousand years. Ginseng saponins exert various important pharmacological effects regarding the control of a number of diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of total saponins extracted from ginseng (TSG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. The inhibitory effects of TSG on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) protein expression were determined by measuring the levels of nitrite and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of TSG on the mRNA expression levels and localizations of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), IL-1β and TNF-α, and their upstream signaling proteins, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Following stimulation with LPS, elevated levels of NO production were detected in RAW 264.7 cells; however, TSG pretreatment significantly inhibited the production of NO (P<0.05), by suppressing the expression of iNOS. In addition, LPS-stimulated TNF-α and IL-1β production was significantly reduced by TSG (P<0.05). In the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, NF-κB was translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus, whilst TSG pretreatment induced the sequestration of NF-κB in the cytosol by inhibiting inhibitor of κB degradation. TSG also contributed to downregulation of MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggested that TSG may exert anti-inflammatory activity, and that TSG may be considered a potential therapeutic for the treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with macrophage activation.

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“…The herb is used as a tea, an extract, or raw directly from powdered root [6]. The representative bioactive compounds are widely considered to begin senosides, which are ginseng-specific saponins [7]. Currently, more than 100 naturally occurring saponins of various types and products of enzymatic conversion have been isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, berries, and seeds of ginseng.…”

Section: Introduction: Ginseng and The Ginseng Berrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng Berry, a Promising Anti-Aging Strategy: Recent Opinions on the Biological Effects of a Traditional Korean Ingredient

Seo¹

2016

JARB

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Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology Open Access Review Article Introduction: Ginseng and the Ginseng berryGinseng (Panax ginseng) is a popular herbal medicine that has been used in Asia for 5,000 years [1]. Ginseng is classified as fresh, white, or red ginseng, depending on the processing method. As a traditional herb, red ginseng is known as an adaptogen that restores and improves normal well-being. The use of this herbal plant has been widespread throughout the world because of its therapeutic effects. The well-known biochemical and pharmacological effects include anti-cancer [2], anti-fatigue [3], and anti-diabetic effects [4], along with promoting the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins [5]. The herb is used as a tea, an extract, or raw directly from powdered root [6]. The representative bioactive compounds are widely considered to begin senosides, which are ginseng-specific saponins [7]. Currently, more than 100 naturally occurring saponins of various types and products of enzymatic conversion have been isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, berries, and seeds of ginseng. The different parts of ginseng contain distinct ginsenoside profiles, and thus, different parts probably possess different pharmacological effects [8].Recently, many health reports have recommended an increase in fruit intake as part of a healthy dietary pattern [9,10]. These reports allow for various forms of fruit, including fresh, frozen, and dried, as well as juices, and recommend fruits such as oranges, apples, bananas, grapes, raisins, and berries. Whereas berries are known as a good source of potassium or fiber, recent studies suggest that berry fruits are a rich source of many phytochemicals that have a broad spectrum of bioactivity and a positive impact on general health. Several berry fruits, including blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, and strawberries, have recently received attention as a result of their effects in vitro and their associations with lowered risks for some chronic diseases, which were found in recent observational research [11,12]. As a perennial herb, ginseng develops flowers and fruits that bloom in its third and fourth year. Unlike the widely used ginseng root, the ginseng berry is preserved for planting and has not been used by general populations. A recent study reported that the ginseng leaf and berry have higher levels of ginsenosides than ginseng root, and their pharmacological activities have also been reported [13]. In this review, we will summarize the research on the role of dietary ginseng berries in delaying aging, as well as evidence suggesting positive biological effects to prevent age-related diseases. Ginseng Berry Bioactive Content and CompositionThe bioactive components of ginseng are triterpene glycosides or saponins, which are commonly regarded as ginsenosides. AbstractA recent effort in the development of new medications and immune modulatory agents is to search for candidates among natural products because they have relatively low toxicities in clinica...

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Ginseng for Health Care: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Korean Literature

Cited by 110 publications

References 33 publications

Dietary Supplements for Aquatic Sports

Dietary Supplements for Aquatic Sports

Anti-inflammatory potential of total saponins derived from the roots of Panax ginseng in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Ginseng Berry, a Promising Anti-Aging Strategy: Recent Opinions on the Biological Effects of a Traditional Korean Ingredient

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