Ginsenoside Composition and Antiproliferative Activities of Explosively Puffed Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer)

Yoon, Sung-Ran; Lee, Gee‐Dong; Park, Jung Hyun; Lee, In-Seon; Kwon, Joong‐Ho

doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01592.x

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The major active components of ginseng are ginsenosides. More than forty ginsenosides have, so far, been isolated and each ginsenoside possesses different pharmacological effects [11]. Commercially available Korean ginseng products are classified into fresh ginseng, white ginseng, and red ginseng.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean Red Ginseng Suppresses Metastasis of Human Hepatoma SK-Hep1 Cells by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

Li²,

Wei³

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Korean red ginseng and ginsenosides have been claimed to possess wide spectrum of medicinal effects, of which anticancer effect is one. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antimetastatic effect of Korean red ginseng on human hepatoma as well as possible mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of the water extract of Korean red ginseng (WKRG) on the invasion and motility of SK-Hep1 cells was evaluated by the Boyden chamber assay in vitro. Without causing cytotoxicity, WKRG exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and motility, but not adhesion, of highly metastatic SK-Hep1 cells. Zymography analyses revealed significant downregulating effects on MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA activities in SK-Hep1 cells. Western blot analyses also showed that WKRG treatment caused dose-dependent decreases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions. Moreover, WKRG increased the levels of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and PAI-1. The present study not only demonstrated that invasion and motility of cancer cells were inhibited by WKRG, but also indicated that such effects were likely associated with the decrease in MMP-2/-9 and uPA expressions of SK-Hep1 cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean Red Ginseng Suppresses Metastasis of Human Hepatoma SK-Hep1 Cells by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

Li²,

Wei³

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…In particular, ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) have been known as the main active components in ginseng. 8 Functional studies regarding red ginseng CH (RGCH) in which steamed soybean and red ginseng water extract are mixed prior to fermentation have never been reported. This study compared the possible antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of CH and RGCH in subjects with IFG for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation ofCheonggukjangand Red GinsengCheonggukjangCan Improve Plasma Lipid Profile and Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose

Shin

Kwon

Jeong

et al. 2011

Journal of Medicinal Food

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This study was conducted to investigate the plasma lipid profile and blood glucose-lowering effects of cheonggukjang (CH) and red ginseng CH (RGCH) in 45 subjects (men:women = 27:18; mean age, 44.9 ± 3.1 years) with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: control (starch, 2 g/day), CH (20 g/day), and RGCH (20 g/day). Each volunteer received his or her daily doses for 8 weeks. The supplementation with CH and RGCH significantly decreased the plasma total cholesterol about 30.0 mg/mL and 37.7 mg/mL, respectively, compared to the initial value. The plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration was also significantly reduced by 29.66% and 23.42% in the CH and RGCH groups, respectively, compared to the initial value. The concentration of plasma non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (107.9 mg/mL) was significantly lowered in the RGCH group compared to the initial value (139.1 mg/mL). The level of erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was significantly lowered in the CH (6.5 nmol/mL) and RGCH (6.6 nmol/mL) groups compared to the initial value (7.9 nmol/mL and 8.0 nmol/mL, respectively). The ratio of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-1 concentrations (2.5) was significantly reduced in the CH group compared to the initial value (3.0). The concentration of fasting blood glucose (FBG) was significantly lower in the CH- and RGCH-supplemented groups compared to the initial value. These results suggest that CH and RGCH can lower the FBG concentration and improve the plasma lipid profile in subjects with IFG.

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“…Previous studies reported that commercial red ginseng products could have AF and AFG levels ranging from 0.35 − 2.51 % and 0.25 − 2.64 %, respectively [8, 9]. The ginsenosides, which are better-known KRG components, have a content ranging from 0.5 − 1.1 % [8, 10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Park

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2015

Trials

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BackgroundA previous study reported that arginyl-fructose may have great value as a functional food with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. However, there have been few clinical studies on the efficacy of arginyl-fructose supplementation for blood glucose control.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 Korean subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to placebo or test groups. The test group subjects received 1500 mg/day arginyl-fructose. Fasting serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and free fatty acids were measured by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline and after the 6-week intervention. Eleven subjects dropped out or were excluded during the trial. The data for the remaining 49 were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test and paired t-test.ResultsAfter the 6-week intervention, the test group showed significant reductions in serum glucose levels at 30 minutes (−19.4 ± 5.62 mg/dL) and 60 minutes (−15.4 ± 7.01 mg/dL) and reduced glucose area under the curve (−27.4 ± 8.59 mg/dL) compared with those of the placebo control group. The changes (differences from baseline) in serum glucose levels at 60 minutes and glucose area under the curve in the test group differed significantly from those in the control group even after adjusting for baseline values. In contrast, glucose-related biomarkers including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and C-peptide levels were not significantly improved by the dietary intervention with arginyl-fructose.ConclusionsArginyl-fructose supplementation (1500 mg/day) may be beneficial for reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02285231. Registered 11 May 2014.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1036-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Ginsenoside Composition and Antiproliferative Activities of Explosively Puffed Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)

Abstract: The puffing process could provide an alternative mean to produce functional ginseng products, along with a reduction in processing time as compared to traditional red ginseng processing by steam.

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Korean Red Ginseng Suppresses Metastasis of Human Hepatoma SK-Hep1 Cells by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

Korean Red Ginseng Suppresses Metastasis of Human Hepatoma SK-Hep1 Cells by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

Supplementation ofCheonggukjangand Red GinsengCheonggukjangCan Improve Plasma Lipid Profile and Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose

Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

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