Ginsenoside F1 attenuates hyperpigmentation in B16F10 melanoma cells by inducing dendrite retraction and activating Rho signalling

Abstract

Ginsenoside F1 (GF1) is a metabolite produced by hydrolysis of the ginsenoside Re and Rg1 in Panax ginseng. According to various studies, high amounts of ginseng components are absorbed in the metabolized form, which are key constituents responsible for the biological effects of P. ginseng. Recently, GF1 was reported to have beneficial effects on skin. However, there has not been a sound understanding of its antimelanogenic effect and underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, GF1 reduced a-melanocyte-stimulating hormoneinduced melanin secretion in B16F10 cell culture media by 60%. However, it did not suppress intracellular melanin levels, tyrosinase activity and expression. Immunofluorescence assay showed that GF1 had no effect on melanosome transport, but significantly induced dendrite retraction. Pull-down assay demonstrated that GF1 primarily modulates the Rho family GTPases resulting in dendrite retraction. Collectively, these data suggest that GF1 could act as a potent skin-whitening agent.Abbreviations: AC, adenylyl cyclase; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; a-MSH, a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

Isolation and Characterization of Isofraxidin 7‐O‐(6′‐O‐p‐Coumaroyl)‐β‐glucopyranoside from Artemisia capillaris Thunberg: A Novel, Nontoxic Hyperpigmentation Agent That Is Effective In Vivo

“…After treatment with melanogenic compounds, B16F10 cells are known to increase secretion of melanin into the culture media [15]. It was observed that compound 1 treatment increased melanin secretion by the melanocytes (Figure 3(a)).…”

“…Based on the previously published protocol [15]. B16F10 melanocytes were seeded in a 24-well plate at a density of 5 × 10 4 cells/well using 500  μ L culture media.…”

Ginsenoside F1 Ameliorates Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Injury and Prevents Atherosclerosis in Mice through A20-Mediated Suppression of NF-kB Signaling

“…Ginsenoside F1 (GF1) is a metabolite produced by hydrolysis of the ginsenosides Re and Rg1 ( Kim et al, 2012 ). According to recent studies, GF1 exerts strong anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anticancer effects ( Kim et al, 2015 ). Moreover, it is exciting that we could obtain abundant GF1 through ginsenoside Rg1 bioconversion, which promotes the study of GF1 ( Kim et al, 2012 ; Wang Y. et al, 2016 ).…”

Protopanaxatriol inhibits melanin synthesis through inactivation of the pCREB-MITF-tyrosinase signalling pathway in melanocytes

“…8 However, there are a few reports indicating that PPT-type ginsenosides inhibit melanin synthesis in melanocytes, although ginsenoside F1, a PPT-type ginsenoside, has been shown to exert a skin-whitening effect through dendrite retraction. 9 The present study provides the first demonstration that 20(S)-PPT appears to exert antimelanogenic effects through suppression of the pCREB-MITF-tyrosinase signalling pathway in melanocytes. Thus, PPT-type ginsenosides, in addition to the PPDtype, are potent whitening components of ginseng.…”