Ginsenoside Rd inhibits migration and invasion of tongue cancer cells through H19/miR-675-5p/CDH1 axis

Abstract

Objective: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is an oral cancer, with high malignancy and frequent early migration and invasion. Only a few drugs can treat tongue cancer. Ginsenoside Rd is a ginseng extract with anti-cancer effects. Many noncoding RNAs are abnormally expressed in tongue cancer, thus influencing its occurrence and development. H19 and miR-675-5p can promote cancer cell growth. This study aimed to analyze the regulation effect of ginsenoside Rd on H19 and miR-675-5p in tongue cancer.Methodology: We used CCK8 and flow cytometry to study the growth and apoptosis. Transwell assay was used to assess invasion; wound-healing assay to assess migration; and colony formation assays to test the ability of cells to form colonies. H19, miR-675-5p, and CDH1 expressions were analyzed by qPCR. E-cadherin expression was detected using western blot. CRISPR/ cas9 system was used for CDH1 knockout. Results: Ginsenoside Rd inhibited the growth and increased the apoptosis of SCC9 cells. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibited the migration and invasion of SCC9 cells. H19 and miR-675-5p were highly expressed, while CDH1 and E-cadherin expressions were low. H19 and miR-675-5p promoted SCC9 metastasis. In contrast, CDH1 and E-cadherin inhibited the metastasis of SCC9 cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-675-5p was associated with CDH1. H19 and miR-675-5p expressions decreased after ginsenoside Rd treatment, while CDH1 and E-cadherin expressions increased. Conclusions: Ginsenoside Rd inhibits tongue cancer cell migration and invasion via the H19/miR-675-5p/CDH1 axis.

Ginsenoside Rd reduces cell proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells by p53-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway

“…It has been reported that GS-Rd can inhibit the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell HeLa cells by regulating the expression of Bcl-2/Bax, regulating mitochondrial transmembrane potential, activating the expression of caspase family members, and inhibiting the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell HeLa cells through apoptosis [ 38 ]. In recent years, it has been reported that GS-Rd can effectively inhibit the activity of various tumor cells such as tongue cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer [ 12 , [39] , [40] , [41] ]. Research on tongue cancer has also found that Ginsenoside Rd inhibits migration and invasion of tongue cancer cells through the H19/miR-675-5p/CDH1 axis [ 10 ].…”

Melatonin inhibits tongue squamous cell carcinoma: Interplay of ER stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy with cell migration

“…Different LncRNAs exert distinct roles, influencing the advancement of TSCC in various aspects such as cell migration, autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, and cellular drug resistance, through diverse signaling pathways [ 3 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. A study suggested that knocking out LncRNA CASC9 in TSCC cells SCC15 and CAL27 significantly promotes autophagy and apoptosis while inhibiting proliferation [ [28] , [29] ]. Furthermore, the application of certain drugs can target these LncRNAs to curb the growth of TSCC(3).…”

Preparation of honokiol-loaded titanium dioxide nanotube drug delivery system and its effect on CAL-27 cells

“…Tongue cancer is the most common type of cancer. The most common treatment for tongue cancer is mainly surgical, but after surgery, it greatly affects patients' functions such as chewing, speech and swallowing, and the prognosis is poor, so the search for an effective antitongue cancer drug has become a hot research topic (Tang et al, 2020;Chang et al, 2022;Elseragy et al, 2022).…”