Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes sleep in rats by modulating the noradrenergic system in the locus coeruleus and serotonergic system in the dorsal raphe nucleus

Xu, Ying‐Jun; Cui, Xiang‐Yu; Liu, Yu‐Tong; Cui, Shuzhen; Zhang, Yonghe

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109009

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Efficient roles in modulating synapses, antiinflammatory effects, reducing neuronal death, and oxidative stress in the brain have been reported [20]. Xu et al found that Rg1 could lengthen the overall sleep, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), and non-REMS [21] time in Sprague-Dawley rats. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the improvement of sleep disorders and the cognitive-enhancing abilities of Rg1 have not been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment by inhibiting excessive neuronal apoptosis in zebrafish

Zhang

Ran

et al. 2023

NeuroReport

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Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. The neuroprotective function of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the alleviative effect and underlying mechanism of action of Rg1 on learning and memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation. Using 72 h of LED light to establish sleep deprivation model and treatment with Rg1-L (0.5 mg/ml), Rg1-H (1 mg/ml), and melatonin (positive control, 0.25 mg/ml), we investigated the behavioral performance of sleep deprivation zebrafish through 24 h autonomous movement tracking, a novel tank diving test, and a T-maze test. Brain injuries and ultrastructural changes were observed, brain water content was measured, and apoptotic events were analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. The oxidation-associated biomarkers superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde content were detected. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the levels of apoptotic molecules (Bax, caspase-3, and Bcl-2). Rg1-treatment was observed to improve the behavioral performance of sleep-deprivation fish, alleviate brain impairment, and increase oxidative stress-related enzyme activity. Rg1 can effectively exhibit neuroprotective functions and improve learning and memory impairments caused by sleep deprivation, which could be mediated by the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway (see Supplementary Video Abstract, Supplemental digital content, http://links.lww.com/WNR/A702 which demonstrates our research objectives, introduction overview of Rg1, and main direction of future research).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xu et al . found that Rg1 could lengthen the overall sleep, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), and non-REMS [21] time in Sprague–Dawley rats. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the improvement of sleep disorders and the cognitive-enhancing abilities of Rg1 have not been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment by inhibiting excessive neuronal apoptosis in zebrafish

Zhang

Ran

et al. 2023

NeuroReport

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“…The D2R agonist has a two-way effect, that is, increased sleep at low doses and high-dose-induced awakening [ 33 , 34 ]. Norepinephrine (NE) can associate awakening behaviors with other awakening paths by actively activating the cerebral cortex and edge systems [ 35 , 36 ]. Our research has found that DHS can also reduce the release of the excitement monoamine neurotransmitters DA, NE, and EPI, which is similar to previous research on the treatment of depression rats [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baihui (DU20), Shenmen (HT7) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) target the cAMP/CREB/BDNF and PI3K/Akt pathways to reduce central nervous system apoptosis in rats with insomnia

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…13 Rg1 also induces sleep in rats via modulation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system as well as the dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic system. 14 The Rg1-mediated enhancement of cognitive function has been studied in multiple preclinical studies. Based on these studies, 15 However, it is still unclear whether Rg1 attenuates cognitive deficits in chronic stress, particularly in SD-exposed rodents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is among the chief ginseng bioactive components, and numerous investigations reported on the pharmacological benefits of Rg1, which include antioxidative, antiaging, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective properties . Rg1 also induces sleep in rats via modulation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system as well as the dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic system . The Rg1-mediated enhancement of cognitive function has been studied in multiple preclinical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Chronic Sleep Deprivation-Induced Hippocampal Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Improves Memory by the AMPK-SIRT3 Pathway

Jiang,

Yao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is the main bioactive ginseng component. This study investigates the effects of Rg1 on cognitive deficits triggered by chronic sleep deprivation stress (CSDS) and explores its underlying mechanisms. Rg1 effectively improved spatial working and recognition memory, as evidenced by various behavioral tests. RNA-sequence analysis revealed differential gene expression in the metabolic pathway. Treatment with Rg1 abrogated reductions in SOD and CAT activity, lowered MDA content, and increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels. Rg1 administration alleviated hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring normal ultrastructure and enhancing ATP activities and Mfn2 expression while regulating Drp-1 expression. Rg1 mitigated neuronal apoptosis by reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the levels of cleaved caspase-3. Additionally, Rg1 upregulated AMPK and SIRT3 protein expressions. These findings suggest that Rg1 has potential as a robust intervention for cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep deprivation, acting through the modulation of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the AMPK-SIRT3 axis.

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Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes sleep in rats by modulating the noradrenergic system in the locus coeruleus and serotonergic system in the dorsal raphe nucleus

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment by inhibiting excessive neuronal apoptosis in zebrafish

Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment by inhibiting excessive neuronal apoptosis in zebrafish

Baihui (DU20), Shenmen (HT7) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) target the cAMP/CREB/BDNF and PI3K/Akt pathways to reduce central nervous system apoptosis in rats with insomnia

Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Chronic Sleep Deprivation-Induced Hippocampal Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Improves Memory by the AMPK-SIRT3 Pathway

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