Ginsenoside Rg3 (Shenyi Capsule) Combined with Chemotherapy for Digestive System Cancer in China: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Pan, Linlin; Zhang, Tingting; Sun, Hao; Liu, Guirong

doi:10.1155/2019/2417418

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The susceptibility of HOS cells to Rg5 was slightly weaker than that of MG-63 and U2OS cells. Cell apoptosis was closely related to cell proliferation inhibition [ 29 , 30 ]. FACS experiment revealed that Rg5 significantly induced human osteosarcoma cell apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rg5 Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/mTORC1‐Related LC3 Autophagy Pathway

Liu

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The function and mechanism underlying the suppression of human osteosarcoma cells by ginsenoside-Rg5 (Rg5) was investigated in the present study. MG-63, HOS, and U2OS cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay after Rg5 treatment for 24 h. Rg5 inhibited human osteosarcoma cell proliferation effectively in a dose-dependent manner. The range of effective inhibitory concentrations was 160-1280 nM. Annexin V-FITC and PI double-staining assay revealed that Rg5 induced human osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and FACS experiments revealed that Rg5 inhibited human osteosarcoma cells via caspase-3 activity which was related to the LC3-mediated autophagy pathway. Rg5 decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTORC1 activation. In contrast, LC3-mediated autophagy and caspase-3 activity increased significantly. A PI3K/AKT stimulator, IGF-1, reversed Rg5-induced cell autophagy and apoptosis in MG-63 cells. Collectively, the current study demonstrated that Rg5 induced human osteosarcoma cell apoptosis through the LC3-mediated autophagy pathway. Under physiological conditions, activation of PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 inhibits LC3 activity and caspase-3-related cell apoptosis. However, Rg5 activated LC3 activity by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTORC1. The present study indicated that Rg5 could be a promising candidate as a chemotherapeutic agent against human osteosarcoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rg5 Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/mTORC1‐Related LC3 Autophagy Pathway

Liu

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Additionally, ginsenoside Rg3 can decrease the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and its antitumor effects may be mediated through suppression of ERK and Akt signaling (Meng et al, 2019). Our prior work indicated that ginsenoside Rg3 combined with chemotherapy can improve the clinical efficacy (objective response rate, disease control rate, survival rate, Karnofsky Performance Scale) and alleviate treatment-induced side effects (gastrointestinal dysfunction, the decline of leucocyte count) for digestive system cancer (Pan et al, 2019). The previous research only suggested that ginsenoside Rg3 can improve the reduction of leucocyte counts in patients with digestive system cancer, but for the chemotherapy-induced decrease in hemoglobin, platelet, and neutrophil counts is unclear.…”

Section: Summary Of Reported Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rg3 for Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Patients with advanced cancer often undergo myelosuppression after receiving chemotherapy. However, severe myelosuppression results in treatment delay, and some can even be life-threatening. At present, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy urgently need effective intervention strategies to prevent myelosuppression. Fortunately, ginsenoside Rg3 has shown promise as an anti-myelosuppression agent. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ginsenoside Rg3 in preventing chemotherapyinduced myelosuppression in cancer patients. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu (VIP), and Wanfang databases were searched in this study. A total of 18 trials which reported on 2,222 subjects were identified. All trials concerning the use of ginsenoside Rg3 for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (the decline of leukocyte, hemoglobin, platelet, and neutrophil counts) were randomized-controlled trials. Dichotomous data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Cochrane evidence-based medicine systematic evaluation was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included trials. The Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used to perform the statistical analyses. The trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to evaluate information size and prevention benefits. The results revealed obvious ginsenoside Rg3-induced improvement in the leukocyte (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.37-0.55), hemoglobin (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.53-0.77), platelet (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.48-0.75) and neutrophil (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.90) counts at toxic grades I-IV, and leukocyte (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.28-0.54) counts at toxic grades III-IV. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the results were robust. The Egger's test indicated that there was no publication bias in the results. Overall, this study suggested that ginsenoside Rg3 is beneficial for alleviating the chemotherapy-induced decrease in leukocyte, hemoglobin, platelet, and neutrophil counts. However, the confirmation of the ginsenoside Rg3 can be recommended for myelosuppression patients was limited due to poor methodological quality. Thus, more rigorously designed randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) are required to assess the efficacy of ginsenoside Rg3 for myelosuppression.

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“…At present, the clinical management of cancer always involves several conventional modalities, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, biotherapy, and chemotherapy [ 2 ]. Chemotherapy is currently the most commonly used treatment for cancer [ 3 ]. Given that it is difficult to determine an appropriate dosage of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, side effects, such as a reduction in bone density and immunosuppression, often result from high doses, while low levels may not produce desired effects [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Activities of Ginsenosides, the Main Active Components of Ginseng

Hong

Baatar

Hwang

2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Cancer incidence rate has been increasing drastically in recent years. One of the many cancer treatment methods is chemotherapy. Traditional medicine, in the form of complementary and alternative therapy, is actively used to treat cancer, and many herbs and active ingredients of such therapies are being intensely studied to integrate them into modern medicine. Ginseng is traditionally used as a nourishing tonic and for treating various diseases in Asian countries. The therapeutic potential of ginseng in modern medicine has been studied extensively; the main bioactive component of ginseng is ginsenosides, which have gathered attention, particularly for their prospects in the treatment of fatal diseases such as cancer. Ginsenosides displayed their anticancer and antimetastatic properties not only via restricting cancer cell proliferation, viability, invasion, and migration but also by promoting apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy in several cancers, such as breast, brain, liver, gastric, and lung cancer. Additionally, ginsenosides can work synergistically with already existing cancer therapies. Thus, ginsenosides may be used alone or in combination with other pharmaceutical agents in new therapeutic strategies for cancer. To date however, there is little systematic summary available for the anticancer effects and therapeutic potential of ginsenosides. Therefore, we have reviewed and discussed all available literature in order to facilitate further research of ginsenosides in this manuscript.

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Ginsenoside Rg3 (Shenyi Capsule) Combined with Chemotherapy for Digestive System Cancer in China: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Ginsenoside Rg5 Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/mTORC1‐Related LC3 Autophagy Pathway

Ginsenoside Rg5 Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/mTORC1‐Related LC3 Autophagy Pathway

Ginsenoside Rg3 for Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Anticancer Activities of Ginsenosides, the Main Active Components of Ginseng

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