Ginsenoside Rh2 alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the STAT3/miR-214 signaling pathway

Chen, Xuanqing; Xu, Tingting; Lv, Xiangyu; Zhang, Jingwei; Liu, Shijia

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.113997

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Other foods have also been shown to influence host epigenetics and could potentially play a role in gut inflammation. Milk [ 178 , 179 , 180 ], common sweeteners [ 181 ], galacto-oligosaccharides [ 182 ], corn cobs [ 183 ], cinnamaldehyde (a major active compound from cinnamon) [ 184 , 185 ], limonin (a triterpenoid extracted from citrus) [ 186 ], ginger [ 187 ], ginseng [ 188 ] and black raspberries [ 189 , 190 ] have anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast, chronic alcohol exposure increases miR-122a and miR-155 expression in the intestine, which decreases occludins expression, leading to increased intestinal permeability and modulates cytokines and the T-cell immune response in the gut, leading to intestinal TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) and NF-κB activation, respectively [ 191 , 192 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models

Vieujean

Caron

Haghnejad

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that encompass two main phenotypes, namely Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions occur in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. Epigenetics, acting by DNA methylation, post-translational histones modifications or by non-coding RNAs, could explain how the exposome (or all environmental influences over the life course, from conception to death) could influence the gene expression to contribute to intestinal inflammation. We performed a scoping search using Medline to identify all the elements of the exposome that may play a role in intestinal inflammation through epigenetic modifications, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The environmental factors epigenetically influencing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation are the maternal lifestyle (mainly diet, the occurrence of infection during pregnancy and smoking); breastfeeding; microbiota; diet (including a low-fiber diet, high-fat diet and deficiency in micronutrients); smoking habits[ vitamin D and drugs (e.g., IBD treatments, antibiotics and probiotics). Influenced by both microbiota and diet, short-chain fatty acids are gut microbiota-derived metabolites resulting from the anaerobic fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibers, playing an epigenetically mediated role in the integrity of the epithelial barrier and in the defense against invading microorganisms. Although the impact of some environmental factors has been identified, the exposome-induced epimutations in IBD remain a largely underexplored field. How these environmental exposures induce epigenetic modifications (in terms of duration, frequency and the timing at which they occur) and how other environmental factors associated with IBD modulate epigenetics deserve to be further investigated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models

Vieujean

Caron

Haghnejad

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…As a new type of programmed cell death, apoptosis has been confirmed to participate in the pathogenesis and progression of AMI by regulating the inflammatory response and stimulating the release of proinflammatory factors, but the exact mechanism has not yet been clearly elucidated [15]. Rh2, the main active component of ginseng, has shown excellent effects in multiple pathological improvements, such as antitumor, antiallergy, antiinflammation, enhancing immunity, and resisting hypoxia, in addition to a certain protective role in CVD [16][17][18][19]. erefore, this paper intends to verify in vivo whether Rh2 can exert anti-inflammatory action by regulating CM pyroptosis in AMI rats, thus alleviating myocardial injury and providing a reliable theoretical basis for future treatment of AMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ginsenoside Rh2 on Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Song¹,

Dai²,

Dai³

2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. This paper intends to verify through in vivo experiments whether ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) can play an anti-inflammatory role by modulating cardiomyocyte (CM) pyroptosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), thereby alleviating myocardial injury. Methods. Twenty SD rats were randomized into control, L-Rh2, M-Rh2, and H-Rh2 groups, among which the latter three groups were modeled for AMI and given an intraperitoneal injection of G-Rh2 (L-Rh2: 2 mg/kg; M-Rh2: 4 mg/kg; H-Rh2: 8 mg/kg), while the control group was only treated with thoracotomy and sodium chloride injection. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded by ultrasonic diagnosis. Rats were killed under anesthesia, and the morphological characteristics of ventricular tissue were observed by electron microscope. Additionally, cardiac blood and ventricular tissues were collected to quantify the contents of myocardial injury markers (creatine phosphate kinase (CK), creatine phosphokinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by ELISA, as well as the expression of pyroptosis-related genes cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase-1), gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin (IL)-1β, and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) by qRT-PCR and Western blot). Results. Ultrasonic examination identified lower HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, and LVSP in the three Rh2 injection groups compared with the control group ( P < 0.05); and in comparison with M- and H-Rh2 groups, HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, and LVSP were all lower in L-Rh2 group, while LVEDP was higher ( P < 0.05). Microscopically, CMs and organelles in the L-RH2, M-RH2, and H-RH2 groups were damaged to varying degrees compared with the control group, with those in the L-RH2 group being the most serious. CK, CK-MB, and LDH were also the highest in the L-Rh2 group and the lowest in the control group, while their levels were obviously reduced in M- and H-Rh2 groups ( P < 0.05). Finally, GSDMD, IL-1β, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 were found to be reduced in the control group, while pyroptosis-related gene expression in the M-Rh2 group was improved markedly ( P < 0.05). Conclusion. G-Rh2 can inhibit the pathological development of AMI by relieving the focal death of CM and inhibiting the release of proinflammatory factors in the body, and the effect is significantly related to the dosage, which is expected to become a new treatment option for AMI in the future.

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“…Recently, plant-based medicines have been studied extensively for their potential anti-inflammatory effects (Atanasov et al, 2015;Farnsworth et al, 1985;Palombo, 2011). P. ginseng and its active constituent ginsenosides have been used for the prevention and treatment of IBD, characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative damage, and up-regulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway (Chen et al, 2021;Li, Zhong, et al, 2014;Tian et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2015). Rf significantly inhibited NF-κB by downregulating the p-38 MAPK pathway in TNFα-stimulated HT-29 cells and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, as demonstrated by a previous study (Ahn, Siddiqi, Aceituno, Simu, & Yang, 2016a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ginsenoside Rf on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice

Ahn

Simu

Yang

et al. 2021

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a critical disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the small intestine and colon, which eventually leads to disruption of the gut barrier function. Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) is an important traditional herb, which contains various active constituents known as ginsenosides. Ginsenoside Rf (Rf) is a dynamic component of P. ginseng and is rarely available in other species. This study determined the anti-inflammatory effects of Rf in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The results demonstrated significantly lower body weight loss and shortening of colon length in mice treated with Rf than in DSS-treated mice. In addition, inflammatory signalling mechanisms involving interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were inhibited in Rf-treated mice. The results suggest Rf as a potential antiinflammatory agent that can be used for the treatment of IBD.

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Ginsenoside Rh2 alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the STAT3/miR-214 signaling pathway

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models

Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models

Influence of Ginsenoside Rh2 on Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Effects of Ginsenoside Rf on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice

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