Ginsenosides in root exudates of Panax notoginseng drive the change of soil microbiota through carbon source different utilization

Luo, Lifen; Yang, Lei; Yan, Zheng-Xu; Jiang, Bingbing; Li, Su; Huang, Huichuan; Liu, Yixiang; Zhu, Shusheng; Yang, Min

doi:10.1007/s11104-020-04663-5

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Exogenous p -HA, FA, SA, and VA significantly increased the fungal Chao1 index and p -HA showed the most significant effect. There is growing evidence that plants can alter the soil microbiota by secreting bioactive molecules into the rhizosphere and that the microbiome can also be modified by root exudates to form host-specific microbial communities ( Luo et al, 2020 ). VA affected bacterial specificity, and p -HA affected fungal specificity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions Between Phenolic Acids and Microorganisms in Rhizospheric Soil From Continuous Cropping of Panax notoginseng

et al. 2022

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Large-scale intensive cultivation has made continuous cropping soil sickness more serious for Panax notoginseng in Yunnan. Autotoxic substances can promote the occurrence of continuous cropping soil sickness. Phenolic acids exert a strong autotoxic effect on P. notoginseng. Based on UPLC-MS/MS, the levels of six phenolic acids with the strongest autotoxicity of P. notoginseng rhizospheric soil were tested. Based on Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, the variation in the microbial diversity in the rhizospheric soil was used as an index to explore the interactions between phenolic acids and the soil microorganisms of the P. notoginseng rhizosphere. (1) Continuous P. notoginseng cropping significantly changed the microbial community structure. Continuous cropping increased bacterial Chao1 index and Shannon index and decreased fungal Shannon index. After P. notoginseng disease, bacterial Shannon index reduced and fungal Chao1 index decreased. (2) Phenolic acid significantly changed the bacterial community structure. VA significantly reduced the bacterial Shannon index. Exogenous p-HA, FA, SA, and VA significantly increased the fungal Chao1 index and p-HA showed the most significant effect. Para-HA affected bacterial specificity, and VA affected fungal specificity. (3) VA was positively correlated with most fungi and bacteria. Para-HA was positively correlated with Lelliottia and Flavobacterium. Para-HA was also positively correlated with plant pathogens (Fusarium and Ilyonectria). Para-HA and VA were able to promote the growth of primary pathogenic bacteria. Thus, p-HA and VA are the main phenolic acid-autotoxin substances in P. notoginseng under continuous cropping. (4) A correlation analysis of soil environmental factors associated with fungal and bacterial communities showed that AK, TN, OM, and HN were most strongly correlated with soil microorganisms. (5) The microorganisms in the rhizosphere of 3-year-old soil planted with P. notoginseng exhibited obvious effects on the degradation of the four phenolic acids. The effect of soil microorganisms on phenolic acids was first-order kinetic degradation with a high degradation rate and a half-life of less than 4.5 h. The results showed that phenolic acids could promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria. And the interaction between rhizospheric soil microorganisms and phenolic acids was the main cause of the disturbance of P. notoginseng rhizosphere microflora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total soil DNA was extracted from the rhizospheric soil 72 h after culture from 5 replicates and sequenced for analysis ( Luo et al, 2020 ). The effects of the six phenolic acids on the soil microorganisms of P. notoginseng rhizospheres were studied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between Phenolic Acids and Microorganisms in Rhizospheric Soil From Continuous Cropping of Panax notoginseng

et al. 2022

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“…Tea root exudates were collected as previously described ( Luo et al, 2020 ), with some modifications. Soil attached to the roots of healthy tea seedlings was gently rinsed off with sterile water, and the seedlings were transplanted into hydroponic pots containing 3 kg sterilized quartz sand that had been soaked in 10% HCl for 2–3 h, eluted with deionized water until the pH was stable at 6.5–7.0, and then sterilized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tea Plants With Gray Blight Have Altered Root Exudates That Recruit a Beneficial Rhizosphere Microbiome to Prime Immunity Against Aboveground Pathogen Infection

et al. 2021

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Tea gray blight disease and its existing control measures have had a negative impact on the sustainable development of tea gardens. However, our knowledge of safe and effective biological control measures is limited. It is critical to explore beneficial microbial communities in the tea rhizosphere for the control of tea gray blight. In this study, we prepared conditioned soil by inoculating Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis on tea seedling leaves. Thereafter, we examined the growth performance and disease resistance of fresh tea seedlings grown in conditioned and control soils. Next, the rhizosphere microbial community and root exudates of tea seedlings infected by the pathogen were analyzed. In addition, we also evaluated the effects of the rhizosphere microbial community and root exudates induced by pathogens on the performance of tea seedlings. The results showed that tea seedlings grown in conditioned soil had lower disease index values and higher growth vigor. Soil microbiome analysis revealed that the fungal and bacterial communities of the rhizosphere were altered upon infection with Ps. camelliae-sinensis. Genus-level analysis showed that the abundance of the fungi Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Gliocladiopsis and the bacteria Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Bacillus, and Burkholderia were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the conditioned soil. Through isolation, culture, and inoculation tests, we found that most isolates from the induced microbial genera could inhibit the infection of tea gray blight pathogen and promote tea seedling growth. The results of root exudate analysis showed that infected tea seedlings exhibited significantly higher exudate levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids and lower exudate levels of amino acids and organic acids. Exogenously applied phenolic acids and flavonoids suppressed gray blight disease by regulating the rhizosphere microbial community. In summary, our findings suggest that tea plants with gray blight can recruit beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms by altering their root exudates, thereby improving the disease resistance of tea plants growing in the same soil.

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“…The specific ginsenoside compounds in the exudates were F11, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1, which were the same as those found in roots. For P. notoginseng, the specific ginsenoside compounds were Rg1, Rb1, and Rd in root exudates, which were released at 1.2, 1.0, and 2.6 µg per day per plant, respectively [29]. Another type of ginseng root exudate is phenolic compounds, such as benzoic acid, diisobutyl phthalate, diisobutyl succinate, palmitic acid, and 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, that have been detected in rhizosphere soil of P. ginseng [30].…”

Section: Ginseng Rhizosphere Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rhizosphere Microbiome of Ginseng

Goodwin

2022

Microorganisms

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The rhizosphere of ginseng contains a wide range of microorganisms that can have beneficial or harmful effects on the plant. Root exudates of ginseng, particularly ginsenosides and phenolic acids, appear to select for particular microbial populations through their stimulatory and inhibitory activities, which may account for the similarities between the rhizosphere microbiomes of different cultivated species of Panax. Many practices of cultivation attempt to mimic the natural conditions of ginseng as an understory plant in hilly forested areas. However, these practices are often disruptive to soil, and thus the soil microbiome differs between wild and cultivated ginseng. Changes in the microbiome during cultivation can be harmful as they have been associated with negative changes of the soil physiochemistry as well as the promotion of plant diseases. However, isolation of a number of beneficial microbes from the ginseng rhizosphere indicates that many have the potential to improve ginseng production. The application of high-throughput sequencing to study the rhizosphere microbiome of ginseng grown under a variety of conditions continues to greatly expand our knowledge of the diversity and abundance of those organisms as well as their impacts of cultivation. While there is much more to be learnt, many aspects of the ginseng rhizosphere microbiome have already been revealed.

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Ginsenosides in root exudates of Panax notoginseng drive the change of soil microbiota through carbon source different utilization

Cited by 45 publications

References 77 publications

Interactions Between Phenolic Acids and Microorganisms in Rhizospheric Soil From Continuous Cropping of Panax notoginseng

Interactions Between Phenolic Acids and Microorganisms in Rhizospheric Soil From Continuous Cropping of Panax notoginseng

Tea Plants With Gray Blight Have Altered Root Exudates That Recruit a Beneficial Rhizosphere Microbiome to Prime Immunity Against Aboveground Pathogen Infection

The Rhizosphere Microbiome of Ginseng

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