Giraffe Strain of Pestivirus: Its Taxonomic Status Based on the 5′‐Untranslated Region

Harasawa, Ryô; Giangaspero, Massimo; Ibata, G.; Paton, David

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02583.x

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Previous results on genetic typing of pestiviruses (Becher et al, 2003;Harasawa et al, 2000;van Rijn et al, 1997) and the results presented here, describe eight pestivirus genotypes, namely BVDV-1, BVDV-2, CSFV, BDV-1, BDV-2, BDV-3, BDV-4 and Giraffe. Six pestivirus genotypes have been identified in farm animals and three (giraffe, reindeer -BDV-2; chamois -BDV-4) in wild animals.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

A novel pestivirus associated with deaths in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica)

Arnal

Fernández-de-Luco

Riba

et al. 2004

Journal of General Virology

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During investigations into recent population decreases in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) 21 animals found dead or dying were necropsied. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of a pestivirus in organs from two of the 21 chamois. From one of these animals a pestivirus was isolated from the spleen, skin and serum. The virus had better growth in ovine than in bovine cells and was neutralized most effectively by an anti-border disease virus (BDV) reference antiserum. Using panpestivirus and genotype-specific primers selected from 59-untranslated region (UTR) of the pestivirus genome, BDV RNA was demonstrated by RT-PCR. Comparison of the chamois sequences from 59-UTR, entire N pro and E2 gene coding regions with those of other pestivirus genotypes revealed that this virus did not fall into any of the pestivirus genotypes identified so far. Results of phylogenetic analysis suggested that the chamois pestivirus was closely related to BDV and it was typed as BDV-4 genotype.Pestiviruses (family Flaviviridae) affect ruminants and suids. There are four accepted pestivirus species: Border disease virus (BDV), Bovine viral diarrhoea virus-1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2 and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV); and an isolate tentatively classified as a pestivirus from a giraffe (Heinz et al., 2000). Genetic and antigenic characterization of new pestiviruses isolated from sheep has led to the proposal that BDV strains can be allocated into one of three genotypes, BDV-1 to -3 (Becher et al., 2003).The knowledge of pestivirus infections in wild animals is limited. Pestiviruses have been isolated from giraffe (Plowright, 1969), deer, buffalo, bison, bongo, alpaca and reindeer. The deer, buffalo, alpaca and bongo isolates had BVDV-1 genotypes. The bison and reindeer isolates were closer to BD virus (Becher et al., 1997(Becher et al., , 1999) and the reindeer isolate was classified into the BDV-2 genotype (Becher et al., 2003). Serological surveys have shown that many species of free-living ruminants have varying prevalence of antibody to pestiviruses (Nettleton, 1990).The Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) known locally as sarrio and isard, is a free-living ruminant grazing with domesticated cattle and sheep in the Pyrenean mountains, with a population of about 25 000 animals (Pérez et al., 2002). Recently, a population decrease has been observed in both the French and Spanish Central Pyrenees, and the possible involvement of pestiviruses has been reported (Guffond et Icre, 2003;Marco et al., 2003;Schelcher & Alzieu, 2003). The study reported here was undertaken in the Principality of Andorra and four hunting reserves in Aragon (Spain): Benasque, Los Circos, Viñamala and Los Valles. The area in which chamois deaths were excessive lies between Andorra to the east and Benasque reserve to the west.A serological survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of pestivirus antibody in Pyrenean chamois. An ELISA was used to detect anti-pestivirus antibodies in 200 sera using a standard method employing the O...

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supporting

confidence: 64%

A novel pestivirus associated with deaths in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica)

Arnal

Fernández-de-Luco

Riba

et al. 2004

Journal of General Virology

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“…Among them, the Giraffe-1 pestivirus was described first. It was isolated during an outbreak of disease in giraffes in Kenya (Harasawa, Giangaspero, Ibata, & Paton, 2000). The PG-2 virus detected in bovine cells originating from Kenya was recently found, after complete genome sequencing, to represent a second member of this tentative species (Becher et al, 2014).…”

Section: Taxonomy Hosts and Diseases 21 Taxonomy: Approved And Tenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Biology of Pestiviruses

Tautz

Tews

Meyers

2015

Advances in Virus Research

204

200

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“…According to the PNS method, the BVDV-1 species have been segregated into fourteen genotypes [10,15,16]. The taxonomic status of a giraffe strain was characterized, based on the 5'-UTR, as a new cluster among Pestivirus species [12]. The application of the PNS method to the BVDV-2 species showed four genotypes, BVDV-2a, BVDV-2b, BVDV-2c and BVDV-2d [14].…”

Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2 (Bvdv-2) Represents An Establmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variety of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 Strains Isolated from Sheep

Giangaspero

Harasawa

2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2) strains, isolated from sheep showing clinical symptoms of border disease, have been evaluated by the palindromic nucleotide substitution (PNS) method at the three variable loci (V1, V2 and V3) in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of genomic RNA. The characteristic two base-pairings common to the BVDV-2 species, a C-G pairing which was common to the V1 locus, and a G*U pairing common to the V2 locus, were observed in all tested strains. Strains BD-78 and C413 were identified by a unique C-G pairing at position 4 from the bottom of the V2 stem region, which is characteristic to BVDV-2b. BVDV2d characteristic U-A pairing at position 18 of the V1 stem region was observed in five strains, Lees, 167 237, 168 149, 173 157 and 175 375. No strains have been assigned to the genotypes BVDV-2a or BVDV-2c. Furthermore, the investigation at the level of the 5'-UTR excluded the application in sheep of the proposed BVDV-2 genetic virulence markers described in cattle. The two specific positions of uracil and cytosine nucleotides related to low or high virulence where indifferently present in the ovine BVDV-2 strains responsible of border disease.

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Giraffe Strain of Pestivirus: Its Taxonomic Status Based on the 5′‐Untranslated Region

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

A novel pestivirus associated with deaths in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica)

A novel pestivirus associated with deaths in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica)

The Molecular Biology of Pestiviruses

Genetic Variety of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 Strains Isolated from Sheep

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