Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls &amp; Migration in the Developing World

Temin, Miriam; Montgomery, Mark R.; Engebretsen, Sarah; Barker, Kathryn M.

doi:10.31899/pgy11.1007

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Few (roughly 11 percent) migrated or had stopovers in smaller regional towns. This suggests that step migration may not be as common as is assumed in Ethiopia, which is consistent with other studies of migration (World Bank 2010; Temin et al 2013). Otherwise, the young age of our respondents may bias our results toward fewer post-migration residences, with a larger number of moves recorded in later years.…”

Section: Migration Historiessupporting

confidence: 89%

The journey of out-of-school girls in Ethiopia: Examining migration, livelihoods, and HIV

Erulkar¹,

Medhin²,

Negeri³

2017

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Section: Migration Historiessupporting

confidence: 89%

The journey of out-of-school girls in Ethiopia: Examining migration, livelihoods, and HIV

Erulkar¹,

Medhin²,

Negeri³

2017

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“…Additionally, Ethiopia is experiencing a surge in rural-tourban migration, with an increase in young people migrating to urban areas in search of educational and economic advancement opportunities [6]. Young migrants are often confronted by unique social challenges such as: abuse; lack of education, parental guidance and social networks; inadequate housing and access to health services; and unstable employment conditions [3,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female migrants are often at a greater disadvantage than males due to lower educational levels and gender norms that allow for subjugation of females [6]. A 2006 population-based survey of 1000 adolescents aged 10 to 19 in Addis Ababa found that nearly 25% of migrant females had moved in order to avoid family-mandated early marriages [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing HIV‐related risk and mental health problems through a client‐centred psychosocial intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Jani

Kay³

et al. 2016

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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IntroductionEthiopia is experiencing an increasingly urban HIV epidemic, alongside a rise in urban adolescent migration. Adolescent migrants are often confronted by unique social challenges, including living in a difficult environment, abuse and mental health problems. These issues can increase adolescents’ vulnerability to HIV and compromise their capacity to protect themselves and others from HIV. We piloted and assessed the effects of a targeted psychosocial intervention to reduce mental health problems and improve HIV-related outcomes among migrant adolescents in Addis Ababa.MethodsA pre- and post-comparison design was used in a cohort of 576 female and 154 male migrant adolescents aged 15 to 18 years in Addis Ababa receiving services from two service delivery organizations, Biruh Tesfa and Retrak. We implemented a three-month client-centred, counsellor-delivered psychosocial intervention, based on findings from formative research among the same target population, to address participants’ increased vulnerability to HIV. The intervention package comprised individual, group and creative arts therapy counselling sessions. Key outcome indicators included anxiety, depression, aggressive behaviour, attention problems, social problems, knowledge of HIV, safer sex practices and use of sexual health services. Longitudinal data analysis (McNemar test and random effects regression) was used to assess changes over time in key indicators by gender.ResultsFor females, aggressive behaviour decreased by 60% (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.4 (0.25 to 0.65)) and any mental health problem decreased by 50% (AOR: 0.5 (0.36 to 0.81)) from baseline to end line. In addition, knowledge of HIV increased by 60% (AOR: 1.6 (1.08 to 2.47)), knowledge of a place to test for HIV increased by 70% (AOR: 1.7 (1.12 to 2.51)) and HIV testing increased by 80% (AOR: 1.8 (1.13 to 2.97)). For males, HIV knowledge increased by 110% (AOR: 2.1 (1.1 to 3.94)), knowledge of a place to test for HIV increased by 290% (AOR: 3.9 (1.02 to 14.9)), HIV testing increased by 630% (AOR: 7.3 (2.6 to 20.7)) and use of sexual health services increased by 220% (AOR: 3.2 (1.62 to 6.27)). We did not find any significant reduction in mental health problems among male adolescents.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a psychosocial intervention was associated with increased knowledge and uptake of HIV and sexual health services among both male and female migrant adolescents and with reduced mental health problems among female adolescents. Mental health problems varied significantly for male and female adolescents, suggesting that future interventions should be tailored to address their different needs and would benefit from intensive follow-up efforts.

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“…A recent global study has documented high rates of mobility among young people and calling attention to the important role that migration can play in the life of adolescents with regard to livelihoods (Temin et al 2013). Increasingly, migration is linked to accessing livelihood opportunities and safe mobility is a strong correlate of appropriate timing of workforce entry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UNICEF Nepal Adolescent Development and Participation (ADAP) baseline study: Final report

Amin¹,

Bajracharya²,

Chau³

et al. 2014

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livelihood institutions is limited in the study districts and particularly so in the Terai region. The most common forms of participation for adolescents of both sexes are outdoor games and cultural events at school. Participation in higher decision-making bodies such as school management committees, Village Development Committees, and health management committees for adolescents is nonexistent in the study districts. they live in. Adolescents must develop selfefficacy, autonomy, and agency in making choices that result in their health and development. They must also negotiate risks and opportunities during this time to make well-timed transitions from school into productive work and citizenship and then, as they become ready, into marriage and subsequently parenthood. 10-14 have never attended school (Girls Discovered 2005-08). In Pakistan, marriage occurs much later, while marriage and poverty levels in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Rajasthan are similar to Nepal. When women's labor-force participation is considered, this anomaly becomes even more striking.

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Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World

Cited by 55 publications

References 81 publications

The journey of out-of-school girls in Ethiopia: Examining migration, livelihoods, and HIV

The journey of out-of-school girls in Ethiopia: Examining migration, livelihoods, and HIV

Reducing HIV‐related risk and mental health problems through a client‐centred psychosocial intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

UNICEF Nepal Adolescent Development and Participation (ADAP) baseline study: Final report

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