Girth Welding of X100 Pipeline Steels

Abstract

Girth welding trials involving pipes of minimum proof strength 690 MPa (X100) from several linepipe manufacturers have been conducted. Welding consumable selections for the trials were based on background data generated at Cranfield University coupled with potential weld metal mechanical property requirements thought necessary for the implementation of X100 pipeline steels. Mechanised pulsed gas metal arc welding (PGMAW) and semi-automatic/ manual welding procedures were used to generate mechanical property data of mainline girth welds, tie-ins and repairs using equipment and procedures as close to current field practice as possible. The trials showed no detrimental weldability issues for the X100 steels examined. Testing comprised tensile, toughness (CVN and CTOD), hardness, side bend and nick break data generation, using pipeline welding specifications where possible.

The characteristic of cold metal transfer (CMT) and its application for cladding

“…The limit of use of the GMAW can finally be completely faded away, allowing a window of use that is unthinkable to date. Although the evolution of Gas Metal Arc welding (GMWA) technology is more significant for automation and control of welding (Hudson, 2004, Liratzis, 2007. fronius (2005) revolutionary arc welding was introduced, a new arc welding identified as cold metal transfer (CMT).…”

“…In contrast the use of light material has become necessary because of the need to reduce environmental pollution. The used of this light material is mostly used in automobile industry (Haraga, 2000, He et al, 2008, Hudson, 2004, Larsson, 2003. Because aluminum alloy is light and can be recycle new cars produced from aluminum are under rapid development and some product are already in the market.…”

Experimental study of the weld microstructure properties in assembling of natural gas transmission pipelines

“…Several studies have been done in recent years in order to evaluate the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the circumferential pipe welding joints due to their large applications. 11–13 In a comprehensive study, Hammond and colleagues 14,15 examined the properties of girth weld in gas transmission pipelines. In 2009, Hashemi et al 16 investigated the relationship between microstructure and impact strength of X70 steel in spiral weld gap.…”