GIS-based subsurface databases and 3-D geological modeling as a tool for the set up of hydrogeological framework: Nabeul–Hammamet coastal aquifer case study (Northeast Tunisia)

A Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-Based Approach to Derivative Map Production and Visualizing Bedrock Topography within the Town of Rutland, Vermont, USA

“…Depth to the static water in each well was subtracted from DEM cell directly beneath the well location and joined to the attribute table to identify the elevation of water within each well. To facilitate the process of potentiometric surface production and provide a surface covering the entire map area and not just those areas with wells, this surface was created using inverse distance weighting (IDW) and the resulting raster layer was used to create 50-foot (15 m) contours following [4,9,13,16,22]. Groundwater flow lines, which indicate potential flow along hydraulic gradient within an aquifer, were manually drawn perpendicular to potentiometric contours.…”

“…These techniques have been used to characterize subsurface features for many decades; however, improvements in GIS software offer access to powerful geostatistical exploratory tools and robust 3D capabilities that can facilitate the production of three-dimensional visualizations using spatially distributed data [3]. The GIS-based approach described in this project is particularly useful for creating derivative maps that depict surficial overburden, bedrock topography, and potentiometric surfaces [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Delineation of saltwater intrusion zones using the time domain electromagnetic method: the Nabeul–Hammamet coastal aquifer case study (NE Tunisia)

“…Then, it is discharged through outflow into the drainage system, direct abstraction, evapotranspiration, interaquifer flow of groundwater processes, groundwater returning flow to the wadis and drains and extraction by wells. In the NH aquifer system, it is possible to distinguish four principal geostructural complexes, characterized by hydrogeological heterogeneity: the Plio-Quaternary aquifer, the Miocene aquifer, the Oligocene aquifer and the Eocene aquifer (Trabelsi et al, 2011). Nevertheless, the most important regional shallow aquifer in NH is the Plio-Quaternary reservoir, which is the purpose of this study (Figures 2 and 3).…”

Multiple data sources and integrated hydrological modelling for groundwater assessment in the Central Kalahari Basin

“…They usually schematize a hydrogeological system of layers into hydrostratigraphic units and associate boundary conditions, hydrogeological properties, driving forces, state variables, flow directions and preliminary water budgets (Anderson et al, 2015). Different methods to setup HCMs exist, involving analysis and integration of relevant geological and hydrogeological data, for example using database tool such as geographical information system (GIS) (Anderson et al, 2015;Trabelsi et al, 2013) or modelling environments such as Groundwater Modelling System (Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory, 1999), although there is no standard widely accepted methodology in that respect (Brassington & Younger, 2010). To manage subsurface data, in this study, 3-D geological modelling software tool, sort of subsurface GIS, was used.…”

“…HCM setup usually involves analysis and integration of relevant geological and hydrogeological data using database tool such as a geographical information system (GIS) (Anderson et al, 2015;Trabelsi et al, 2013), although there is no standard widely accepted methodology in that respect (Brassington & Younger, 2010). The 3-D geological modelling (Hassen et al, 2016) has not been frequently used in environmental studies in the past century due to a number of reasons, among them being high cost of software packages, necessary powerful hardware and often shortage of borehole information.…”